1. U.S. History Review A Quick Journey through Time

2. How did our nation G R O W ?

3. Back to the RENAISSANCE Europe came out of the Middle Ages with the “re-birth” of learning… Europe came out of the Middle Ages with the “re-birth” of learning… The desire for Asian goods led to the Age of Discovery (necessitated developments in navigation) The desire for Asian goods led to the Age of Discovery (necessitated developments in navigation) Exploration led to the “discovery” of the New World – the Americas Exploration led to the “discovery” of the New World – the Americas

4. Colonization Spanish conquistadors, French explorers and English colonists dominated the European interests in North America during the 1500s and 1600s Spanish conquistadors, French explorers and English colonists dominated the European interests in North America during the 1500s and 1600s Eventually, the English established themselves on the east coast -- though the colonies were controlled by Great Britain Eventually, the English established themselves on the east coast -- though the colonies were controlled by Great Britain Dissatisfaction with this situation led to the REVOLUTIONARY WAR and the American Colonies DECLARING their INDEPENDENCE from Great Britain in 1776 Dissatisfaction with this situation led to the REVOLUTIONARY WAR and the American Colonies DECLARING their INDEPENDENCE from Great Britain in 1776

5. A New Nation The American Colonies needed a government The American Colonies needed a government The ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION served this purpose during the war The ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION served this purpose during the war They were not effective afterward – They were not effective afterward – No real central authority – states had power No real central authority – states had power No power to tax - $ for military No power to tax - $ for military No ability to regulate trade No ability to regulate trade

6. A New Government After the war, in 1787, a Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation After the war, in 1787, a Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation Instead, they drew up an entirely new document: Instead, they drew up an entirely new document: The United States CONSTITUTION The United States CONSTITUTION

7. The Constitution Ours is the longest living foundation for a national government in the world today! Ours is the longest living foundation for a national government in the world today! Federal system Federal system Three branches of government Three branches of government Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

8. Manifest Destiny & Internal Conflict As the nation grew, so did the idea that America must span the continent “from sea to shining sea” As the nation grew, so did the idea that America must span the continent “from sea to shining sea” Economic differences between the Southern (agriculture-oriented/slave) states and the Northern (industry-oriented) states polarized the nation and led to the CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) Economic differences between the Southern (agriculture-oriented/slave) states and the Northern (industry-oriented) states polarized the nation and led to the CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)

9. Reconstruction & Change Policy following the Civil War focused on the rights of former slaves and jump-starting the economy again Policy following the Civil War focused on the rights of former slaves and jump-starting the economy again INDUSTRIALIZATION in the Northeastern states led to URBANIZATION INDUSTRIALIZATION in the Northeastern states led to URBANIZATION Agriculture in the South and West declined Agriculture in the South and West declined The POPULIST MOVEMENT focused on the rights of farmers while… The POPULIST MOVEMENT focused on the rights of farmers while…

10. Imperialism & War Expansion of America’s economy to other parts of the world – overseas colonies Expansion of America’s economy to other parts of the world – overseas colonies As we expanded our influence, we sought to remain NEUTRAL As we expanded our influence, we sought to remain NEUTRAL Until we were drawn into the FIRST WORLD WAR (1917) Until we were drawn into the FIRST WORLD WAR (1917)

11. Post-war Boom then… BUST! The Roaring Twenties/Jazz Age The Roaring Twenties/Jazz Age 19 th Amendment 19 th Amendment Prohibition Prohibition Flappers & Speakeasies Flappers & Speakeasies Stock Market Crash (1929) Stock Market Crash (1929) Speculation Speculation Bank failures Bank failures Great Depression (1930s) Great Depression (1930s) Dust Bowl Dust Bowl High unemployment High unemployment

12. FDR’s New Deal President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced Government Programs aimed at President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced Government Programs aimed at Relief Relief Recovery Recovery Reform Reform No more “laissez-faire” capitalism No more “laissez-faire” capitalism Helped stimulate the economy some but… Helped stimulate the economy some but…

13. …more WAR The American Great Depression spread to Europe in the 1930s & led to the growth of fascist dictatorships (Germany & Italy) The American Great Depression spread to Europe in the 1930s & led to the growth of fascist dictatorships (Germany & Italy) World War II began in Europe in 1939 World War II began in Europe in 1939 The U.S. entered the conflict after the bombing of Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) in 1941 The U.S. entered the conflict after the bombing of Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) in 1941

14. World War II The U.S. joined the war on the side of the ALLIED POWERS The U.S. joined the war on the side of the ALLIED POWERS Great Britain Great Britain France France USSR USSR They fought against the AXIS POWERS They fought against the AXIS POWERS Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Italy Italy Japan Japan

15. America as a Super Power WWII ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany and the dropping of an atomic bomb on Japan in 1945 WWII ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany and the dropping of an atomic bomb on Japan in 1945 Conflicting political and social ideologies led to the division of Europe following the war Conflicting political and social ideologies led to the division of Europe following the war While the U.S. helped France and Britain rebuild Western Europe, the USSR took control of Eastern Europe While the U.S. helped France and Britain rebuild Western Europe, the USSR took control of Eastern Europe

16. A Cold War The Soviet Union (USSR) – a communist dictatorship The Soviet Union (USSR) – a communist dictatorshipAND The United States – a capitalist democracy The United States – a capitalist democracy Were at odds and entered a nearly 40-year conflict that polarized the world

17. Containing Communism The Truman Doctrine (1947) committed the U.S. to a fight against the spread of communism in the world The Truman Doctrine (1947) committed the U.S. to a fight against the spread of communism in the world This led to a stalemate war in Korea (1950-53) This led to a stalemate war in Korea (1950-53) The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and a “failure” in Vietnam (1964-1973) and a “failure” in Vietnam (1964-1973)

18. On the Domestic Front in the 60s The U.S. experienced dramatic social change during the Civil Rights Movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The U.S. experienced dramatic social change during the Civil Rights Movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Brown vs. the Board of Education led to integration in the schools Brown vs. the Board of Education led to integration in the schools The Hippie Movement & anti-Vietnam war slogans abounded & led to troop withdrawal The Hippie Movement & anti-Vietnam war slogans abounded & led to troop withdrawal

19. The 1970s Watergate – President Nixon’s dilemma Watergate – President Nixon’s dilemmaAnd An economic recession An economic recession led to widespread distrust of the government

20. The 1980s & Reaganomics President Ronald Reagan introduced an economic stimulus package (Supply-side economics) that helped the U.S. economy grow President Ronald Reagan introduced an economic stimulus package (Supply-side economics) that helped the U.S. economy grow The same policy dramatically increased the U.S. deficit The same policy dramatically increased the U.S. deficit

21. The Fall of Communism After years of military spending at the expense of their citizens, the Soviet economy was nearing collapse After years of military spending at the expense of their citizens, the Soviet economy was nearing collapse In 1989, following the overthrow of several communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall was opened In 1989, following the overthrow of several communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall was opened By 1990, the USSR had officially shifted gears and the Cold War was over!!! By 1990, the USSR had officially shifted gears and the Cold War was over!!!

22. The 1990s and a New Millennium Unfortunately, conflict in the world was NOT over and the U.S. was now the lone Super Power Unfortunately, conflict in the world was NOT over and the U.S. was now the lone Super Power Saddam Hussein’s aggressive takeover of Kuwait led to the short-lived, successful Gulf War Saddam Hussein’s aggressive takeover of Kuwait led to the short-lived, successful Gulf War The Soviet retreat from Afghanistan left a vacuum of power into which warlords rose and sectarian violence grew The Soviet retreat from Afghanistan left a vacuum of power into which warlords rose and sectarian violence grew U.S. involvement in the Middle East led to terroristic acts – the worst of which was 9/11 – and the current war in Iraq U.S. involvement in the Middle East led to terroristic acts – the worst of which was 9/11 – and the current war in Iraq