1. 1st and 2nd Conjugation Verbs
Wheelock Chapter I
1st and 2nd Conjugation Verbs

2. Verbs Five characteristics: Person Number Tense Mood Voice
To conjugate is to list a verb's forms.

3. Personal Endings Singular Plural 1st person -o, -m -mus 2nd person -s
-tis
3rd person -t
-nt

4. How to Conjugate/Translate
Most Latin verbs have four principal parts:
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum = to praise
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum = to warn
Present Tense
Place the first principle part in the 1st person singular position
Go to the infinitive to form the stem
Attach personal endings to the stem
Go through principal parts, of course. Don't forget to explain 1st/2nd conjugations!

5. How to Conjugate/Translate
Most Latin verbs have four principal parts:
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum = to praise
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum = to warn
Translating present
Simple present: I praise
Present Progressive: I am praising
Emphatic: I do praise

6. How to Conjugate/Translate
Singular
Plural
1st
laudō
I praise
I am praising
I do praise
laudāmus
We praise
2nd
laudās
You praise
laudātis
You all praise
3rd
laudat
He/she/it praises
laudant
They praise

7. Translate Laudās. Monēs. Laudāmus. Monētis. Laudātis. Monent. Laudat.
Laudant.
Laudō.
Monēs.
Monētis.
Monent.
Monēmus.
Monēre
Moneō.
Monet.

8. Present Active Imperative
Imperative: A command
Always 2nd person.
Singular
Just the stem: Laudā! Praise!
Plural
Stem + te = Laudāte! (you all) Praise!

9. How to find words in the dictionary
Make sure you are in the Latin section.
Work backward to find the first person singular (verbs are listed by their first principal part)
I.e., vocāmus has the stem vocā, which means its first principal part must be vocō. Therefore, look up vocō.

10. Spoken Latin Quid agis? Ago ________. Optime Bene Satis bene Male
Pessime

11. How to translate sentences
In English, we have a subject-verb-object order.
The dog bit David.
In Latin, the words can go in any order.
The dog David bit.
David the dog bit.
David bit the dog.
HOWEVER, Latin tends to use subject-object-verb.
Remember to have them tell what a subject is.

12. How to translate sentences
That means you should follow these steps:
Find the subject of the sentence (usually near the beginning)
Find the verb (usually at the end) and CHECK YOUR ENDING TO SEE WHO IS DOING IT!
If your verb takes an object, find it.
Labor mē vocat.

13. Labor me terret.
Puellae me vident. (puella = girl)

14. Practice Monē mē, sī errō.
Mē laudās; mē culpant. (culpō, culpāre = to blame)
Saepe peccāmus. (pecco, peccare = to sin)
Quid cogitāre debēmus?
Mē nōn amat.
Nihil mē terret.
Apollo mē saepe servat.
Salvēte! Quid vidētis? Nihil vidēmus.
Bis dās, sī cito dās. (bis = twice, cito = quickly)
Sī valēs, valeō.

15. Translate Cōnservāte mē! Saepe nihil cogitās.
Rumor volat. (volō, volāre = to fly)
What does he see?
They are giving nothing.
If you love me, save me!

16. Singular
Plural
First
Second
Third

17. Chapter I Vocabulary A B 1. vocō, vocāre 5. videō, vidēre
2. servō, servāre
6. errō, errāre
3. dō, dāre
7. saepe
4. quid
8. moneō, monēre
9. Provide an English derivative from Column A.
10. Provide an English derivative from Column B.

18. Chapter I Quiz
Conjugate and translate terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum in the present tense. (to frighten)
Conjugate cogitō, cogitāre, cogitavī, cogitātum. (You needn’t translate)
Provide the singular and plural imperatives for the verb dō, dāre.
Give an example of an infinitive in English.
Saepe laudamus.
Mē nōn amat.
Quid cogitāre debēmus?
Sī valēs, valeō.

19. Bonus (Answer in complete sentences)
What does e pluribus unum mean?
Quid nomen est tibi?
Quid agis?