1. Economy and Government of SW Asia Chapter 13 Lessons 1-3

2. The Power of Oil OPEC –Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries –Includes both Arab and non-Arab countries OPEC’s Goal: –To control oil prices by limiting petroleum

3. The Power of Oil-cont. Success of OPEC –For a time prices soared Failures of OPEC –Organization did not have absolute control over oil market –Countries seeking oil looked elsewhere for supply –Countries looked for alternative forms of energy and ways to conserve energy –Some OPEC members abandoned efforts because they needed the money from the sale of their oil

4. Arab-Israeli Conflicts Arab nationalists competed with Jewish nationalists over land ownership –Arab nationalist: Arab speaking people who wanted to unite into a single country –Zionists: Jewish nationalist who wanted a Jewish state in Palestine (homeland of ancient Hebrews)

5. Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. Massive numbers of survivors of Holocaust moved to Palestine at the end of WWII Arabs living in Palestine did not want the Jews there

6. Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. Jews proclaimed the state of Israel in 1948 –Arab nations attacked –Israel won all 4 wars fought –Israel took the lands of Palestinians and forced them into refugee camps –Conflict remains today

7. Iran Shah modernized Iran –Introduced Western technology –Tried to make Iran a secular state –Promoted Iranian nationalism –Forced Iranians to wear Western style clothing –Banned veil –Urged men and women to appear in public together

8. Iran-cont. Disapproval of Shah’s policies –Many people angered that Shah used iron- hand to rule –Many people angered by government’s corruption –Shiite leaders blamed social problems on Shah’s western secular policies

9. Iran’s Islamic Revolution Islamization: the creation of governments based on conservative Islamic traditions –Demand strict moral code and religious observance Ayatollah Khomeini –Leader of Islamic Revolution –Opposed Shah and Western policies

10. Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law –Created a theocracy (government that claims to rule with divine authority) –Wrote new law code based on Shariah and Quran

11. Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law –Banned Western movies, music, and other western influences seen as corrupt or evil –Forced women to wear chador, head to foot covering –Forbid women to attend school with men

12. Middle Eastern Nations Most established after WWII Most established from lands colonized by United Kingdom and France

13. Vocabulary Socialism: system that gives government ownership of at least some economic enterprises Mixed economies: combination of government ownership and private ownership Arab nationalism: Arab speaking people uniting into a single nation

14. Vocabulary-cont. Zionists: Jewish nationalist who desired a Jewish state Theocracy: government that claims to rule with divine authority