1. Workshop on Video/Television Program Development for Bruneian Teachers Jakarta, 18 – 20 Dec. 2000

2. Characteristics of Video and Television as a Medium of Instruction

3. INSTRUCTIONAL Media Communication Media : media through which information/ message delivered to audience Communication Media : media through which information/ message delivered to audience Instructional Media : communication facilities to be utilized for transferring/ delivering instructional material to learners Instructional Media : communication facilities to be utilized for transferring/ delivering instructional material to learners

4. Contributions of media to the learning process The instruction can be more interesting The instruction can be more interesting Learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning theory Learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning theory The delivery of instruction can be more standardized The delivery of instruction can be more standardized The length of time required for instruction can be reduced The length of time required for instruction can be reduced The quality of learning can be improved The quality of learning can be improved

5. Contributions of media to the learning process (cont`ed) The positive attitude of students towards what they are learning and to learning process itself can be enhanced. The positive attitude of students towards what they are learning and to learning process itself can be enhanced. The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary. The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary. The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive direction. The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive direction. (Kemp and Dayton, 1985)

6. Why do we utilize media in the learning process Human knowledge and experiences 75% from seeing 75% from seeing 13% from listening 13% from listening 12% from touching, smelling, etc 12% from touching, smelling, etc (Peoples, 1988)

7. Why do we utilize media in the learning process Type of Presentation Degree of Understanding and memory Verbal only1 Verbal only1 Visual only3,5 X Visual only3,5 X Verbal+Visual6 X Verbal+Visual6 X (Peoples, 1988)

8. Characteristics of television and video program to the learning process

9. The video program Effective for: Effective for: Relating one idea to another Relating one idea to another Building a continuity of thought Building a continuity of thought Creating dramatic impact to the subject Creating dramatic impact to the subject Video = media of motion Video = media of motion

10. Contribution of video to the learning process Providing substitution of direct experience Providing substitution of direct experience Enclosing dangerous object to the learner without harming them Enclosing dangerous object to the learner without harming them Concretizing abstract concepts Concretizing abstract concepts Presenting visual and verbal information at once Presenting visual and verbal information at once

11. Television Program Advantages Advantages Covers wide area and large number of audiences. Covers wide area and large number of audiences. Be able to transmit the information promptly. Be able to transmit the information promptly. Be able to provide real situation using various techniques, and visual or sound effect. Be able to provide real situation using various techniques, and visual or sound effect.

12. Television program Disadvantage Disadvantage Depend on the schedule of the TV Station. Depend on the schedule of the TV Station. Could not be controlled by learner or instructor. Could not be controlled by learner or instructor. No interactivity – one way communication. No interactivity – one way communication.

13. Video PROgram Advantages Advantages Particularly useful in describing motion, showing relationship, and giving impact to topic. Particularly useful in describing motion, showing relationship, and giving impact to topic. Allow instant replay of video recording. Allow instant replay of video recording. Videotape reusable Videotape reusable Easy to record lip sync on videotape Easy to record lip sync on videotape May include special filming techniques (animation, time lapse, etc.) May include special filming techniques (animation, time lapse, etc.)

14. Video Program Disadvantage Disadvantage High cost for production. High cost for production. Resolution limited with video for fine detail. Resolution limited with video for fine detail. Incompatibility of video format types. Incompatibility of video format types. Needs talented human resources in developing the program. Needs talented human resources in developing the program.

15. 14 Langkah Menuju Layar TV 1. Ide 2. Sasaran 3. Tujuan 4. Pokok-pokok materi 5. Tulis sinopsis 6. Buat treatment 7. Tulis Naskah 8. Pengkajian Naskah 9. Produksi Prototpa a. Pra Produksi b. Produksi c. Pasca Produksi 10. Ujicoba 11. Revisi 12. Preview 13. Penggandaan 14. Pemanfaatan

16. Alur Proses Produksi Program Ide/Gagasan Outline/GBIP Treatment Naskah/ Skenario Storyboard Script Conference Hunting Production Meeting Technical Meeting Rehearsal/ latihan Shootig/ Rekaman Editing/ Manipulating Preview Finalisasi/ Packaging Siaran/ Pemanfaatan PraproduksiProduksiPascaproduksi