1. Hygiene

2. Personal Hygiene refers to the measures that an individual takes to keep their hair, nails, skin, mouth, eyes, ears, and nose clean. Maintenance of personal hygiene is necessary for an individual’s comfort, safety and well being. Well people are capable of meeting their own hygienic needs, ill or physically challenged people may require assistance.

3. Hygiene care While performing hygiene care ensure privacy, convey respect, foster comfort and preserve independence as much as is possible. When providing hygiene use the time to communicate with the patient (general, counseling and teaching); assess the skin, hair, nails, eyes, ears, teeth; assess movement of joints and limbs; & patient's ability to perform ADLs (activities of daily living).

4. Hygiene  Knowledge  Body image  Social practices  Socio-economic  Culture  Personal preference  Psychological / physical condition  Impact of lack of hygiene

5. Impact of poor hygiene Infection Odour Lowered self esteem. Patient subjected to ridicule by staff. Patient may be alienated by other patients.

6. Goals of hygiene Comfort & relaxation Stimulation of circulation Cleanliness (removal of dead skin & body oils) Improved self image Skin conditioning (improved circulation, cleanliness etc.)

7. Types of hygiene Shower Shower trolley Bed sponge No soap bed sponges (dermalux) Bath Hair care Eye toilet Ears and nose care Mouth care Mouth toilet Peri toilet Penile toilet Nail and foot care

8. Principles of hygiene procedures Considerations Safety Warmth Privacy Promoting dignity Encouraging independence Other?

9. General guidelines Promote safety and prevent falls Assess psychological and physical needs Seek consent Meet toileting needs before procedure Determine self-care abilities and promote independence Determine purpose of bathing Collect all necessary items before starting Cleanse the skin to remove dirt, excessive oil, perspiration, transient bacteria and dead epithelial cells

10. General guidelines cont: Determine the effects of frequency of bathing on condition of skin Do not apply soap to excoriated or non-intact areas of skin Bathe from clean to dirty Use gentle friction to stimulate circulation and remove debris (unless contraindicated) Provide warmth and privacy Use good body mechanics when assisting Not all people need daily baths

12. During hygiene care Assessment of skin, nails, hair, ears, eyes Assessment of movement Promotion of therapeutic relationship Education Promotion of independence

13. Skin assessment Colour – pink, cyanosed, pale, is it uniform Lesions – present, location, size, colour Moisture – substance, location, amount, odour Oedema – location Texture – soft, smooth, rough, uneven Temperature – warm, hot, cool, cold Turgor – degree of turgor

14. Respiratory assessment –Breathing during movement and at rest Cardiovascular assessment –Body temperature, colour of skin, circulation to extremities Musculo-skeletal assessment –Joint mobility, muscle strength, coordination, self- help abilities Gastrointestinal assessment –Abdominal distension, faecal incontinence, rectal bleeding Genitourinary assessment –Bladder distension, urinary incontinence, difficulty voiding

15. Hair Care /Anatomy of Hair Grows upward from the root. Lengthening fibers of keratin- filled dead cells, grouped around the semi-hollow medulla, makes up the cortex. The bulb ( a living structure) surrounds and feeds the root, it lies in a pocket of the epidermis called the follicle.