1. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and approaches to the “Southwest”

2. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From?

3. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From? Today: What was the World of Indians like before Spaniards arrived?

4. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” Week 3: Where did Indians come From? Today: What was the World of Indians like before Spaniards arrived? Thursday: Reading Discussion and Intro to Spanish Colonization

5. What was the Southwest Like Before Spaniards Arrived? SW History: 9.13.2011

6. Major Theme The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

7. Major Cultures/Civilizations before 1300 Hohokam: Irrigation Mogollon: Pottery Ancestral Puebloans: Dry-land Farmers and Villagers

8. Ancestral Puebloans Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

10. Ancestral Puebloans Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. How did they live? – Dry Farming

11. Dry-Land Farming

12. Three Staples: Corn, bean, squash…

13. “Anasazi” Enchilada?

14. Ancestral Puebloans Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. How did they live? – Dry Farming – Hunting

16. Most Common Meat…

17. Ancestral Puebloans Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. How did they live? – Dry Farming – Hunting – Trade

18. Traditional Southwestern Trade Routes

19. The Meso-American Connection Luxury Items – "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big TIme" "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big TIme"

20. The Meso-American Connection Luxury Items – "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” Cultural Practices – Hohokam Ball Courts – Religious Similarities: War and Fertility

21. The Meso-American Connection Luxury Items – "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” Cultural Practices – Hohokam Ball Courts – Religious Similarities Language: Uto-Aztecan

22. The Meso-American Connection Luxury Items – "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” Cultural Practices – Hohokam Ball Courts – Religious Similarities Language: Uto-Aztecan Original Homeland of Aztecs – Aztlán

23. Aztlán: the Aztec Connection to the Southwest

24. So What Happened? Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity

25. So What Happened? Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity – Warfare and Political Crisis

26. Injuries in Human Remains…

27. Cliffside Dwelling

28. So What Happened? Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity – Warfare and Political Crisis – Mass Migrations

29. So What Happened? Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity – Warfare and Political Crisis – Mass Migrations Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming Modern Puebloan People

30. Post-1300 Puebloan Villages

31. So What Happened? Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity – Warfare and Political Crisis – Mass Migrations Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming Modern Puebloan People Athapaskan or (Apachean) groups move south and east, establishing trade with Puebloans

32. Athapaskan (Apachean) Migrations

33. Conclusions The Southwest was connected to the wider world via trade Climate change and its social consequences shift human settlement in the region By 1500, Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) had integrated into modern Pueblo communities of today, establishing an East-West trade with Plains Indians

34. Key Theme The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

35. Reading For Next Time For Thursday, be sure to read p. 58-86 of your reading packet from "The Pueblo Indian World." Rumor has it there may be a reading quiz on this reading. From the "Commentaries" section (starting on p. 87) you should be sure to read p. 99-100; 101-105; and 117-118.