1. Honors Chem Ch 12 Pg 401 Know charts Pg 402 and 404 and examples of suspensions and Tyndall Effect and material learned in lab Pg 407 What speeds up dissolving? 1. increased surface area – handout 2. agitation (stirring or shaking) 3. heating the solvent

2. Pg 409-10 Unsaturated solutions – can hold more solute Saturated solutions – can not hold more solute unless heated Supersaturated solution – too much solute, starts to crystallize, especially when cooled or after some liquid evaporates Solubility – amt of solute that will dissolve at certain temp, see chart Pg 410 & graph Pg 414 - gases dissolve into cold liquids better than hot liquids, hot soda goes flat after opened

3. Pg 411 Polar dissolves polar, nonpolar dissolves nonpolar, Ex: salt will dissolve in water not oil, oil will not dissolve in water Pg 412 Miscible – liquids that dissolve in each other due to similar polarity, ex: alcohol in water Pg 417 Surfactant – added to decrease surface tension or force polar and nonpolar to mix, ex: soap, newborn babies’ lungs Pg 413 Henry’s Law – gas can be soluble in liquid if pressure increased, ex: soda (gas comes out when top opened – pressure decreased)

4. Pg 416 Heat of solution – positive if endothermic (uses heat, feels colder), negative if exothermic (gives off heat, feels warmer)

5. Molarity Pg 418 = moles per liter Pg 421 #1-3 molality = moles solute per kg solvent Pg 424 Practice #1-2 and Sect Rev #2,3

6. Precipitation Reactions Ch 13 Pg 437 Precipitate – solid that forms from double displacement reaction, see chart** Practice Pg 440 #1-4

7. Change in Freezing Point Pg 448 (freezing pt depression) Solute makes water freeze at lower temp ∆t f = K f m ** see chart Pg 448 Practice Pg 450 #1-4 Careful!!! Is the question asking for new freezing pt or for amt of temp change???? (aka freezing pt depression)

8. Change in Boiling Point Pg 451 (Boiling Point Elevation) Solute makes water boil at higher temp ∆t b = K b m **see chart Pg 448 Practice Pg 451 #1-4 Careful!!! Is the question asking for new boiling pt or for amt of temp change???? (aka boiling pt elev???)

9. Colligative Properties Pg 446 Freezing pt and boiling pt are colligative properties because they change depending upon the amt of solute in the solution