1. ANALYTICAL X-RAY SAFETY User Training Centre for Environmental Health, Safety and Security Management

2. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 2 History Sources/uses of X-rays Legislation Biological & Health Effects X-ray safety in the lab –Exposure –SOPS –Security –Emergencies –Summary ReferencesQuiz Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training TRAINING OUTLINE

3. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 3

4. 4 How are X-rays produced Atomic properties and interaction with matter Description of a X-ray machine Types of Laboratory X-rays machines Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses - Outline

5. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 5 X-rays are part of electromagnetic spectrum (energy range of 10eV – 120KeV) type of ionizing radiation (made of photons) originating from the electron shell produced by machines Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses What Are X-rays?

6. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 6 Electron (-) X-Ray Target Nucleus Tungsten Example of electromagnetic radiation which comes from electrons which are deflected from their original paths or inner orbital electrons change their orbital levels around nucleus Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses X-ray Production - Bremsstrahlung

7. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 7 Produced whenever a high voltage, a vacuum and a source of electrons present Most x-ray devices emit electrons from a cathode, accelerate them with a voltage and hit the anode (target) Emits x-rays Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses How Are X-rays Produced?

8. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 8 Cathode (-) Anode (+) X-Rays Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses X-ray Machine

9. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 9 Consists of a x-ray tube, an electrical source of high voltage, tube filament current, and radiation shielding to shape the beam Principle Types of Diagnostic X-rays: Radiographic, Fluoroscopic, and Photo-Fluorographic Industrial X-rays - Nondestructive examination of metal parts Therapeutic X-rays - Superficial x-ray for skin cancer, orthovoltage x-ray generators for deeper lying tumors Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses

10. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 10 X-ray machine electrically powered device with a PRIMARY purpose of producing X-rays analyzes structures or materials X-ray source any part of a device that emits x-rays, whether or not the device is an x-ray machine e.g. electron microscope Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses

11. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 11 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) commonly used in chemical analysis studies arrangements of atoms in solids by studying scattered x-ray beam from atomic arrangement X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) observes fluorescent emissions of x-ray and UV as atoms hit by x-rays structure of material examines atomic absorption Analytical X-ray Safety Training – User Training Source and Uses

12. RYERSON UNIVERSITY 12 Continue on to: Legislation Legislation Return to Main Menu Main MenuMain Menu