1. Carpentry Skilled Trades 2201

2. Ceiling and Roof Framing The most commonly used types of residential roof and ceiling construction are: Joist and Rafter Roof Truss

3. Ceiling and Roof Framing Ceiling Joists Used to support the finished ceiling and in some cases transfer roof loads to interior partitions. Ceiling joists are generally 38 mm wide while their depth can vary depending upon the species, grade, loading, depth of span, and spacing between joists. This can be determined by referring to the appropriate table in “The Canadian Wood Frame House Construction Handbook”. NOTE: Ceiling joists rest directly upon the top plate.

4. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Trusses Are presently replacing rafter and ceiling joist applications in present day residential construction. They require less material to construct, can be erected more quickly, and do not require interior bearing partitions. Basic residential roof truss designs can be selected from the appropriate table in “The Canadian Wood Frame House Construction Handbook”.

5. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Rafters Are used to transfer the loads supported by the roof to the exterior walls or ceiling joists. These rafters usually rest directly upon the wall plate.

6. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Rafters Are used to transfer the loads supported by the roof to the exterior walls or ceiling joists. These rafters usually rest directly upon the wall plate. Roof rafters are also 38 mm wide while their depth can vary depending upon the species, the grade, loading, length of span and the spacing. This again can be determined by referring to the appropriate table in “Canadian Wood Frame House Handbook”

7. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Sheathing Applied over the roof rafters or trusses providing a nailing base for the roof covering. Match lumber, plywood or particleboard may be used for this purpose.

8. Type of SheathingFraming Spacing Minimum Thickness Lumber400 mm17 mm Lumber600 mm19 mm Plywood400 mm9.5 mm Plywood600 mm9.5 mm Particleboard400 mm9.5 mm Particleboard600 mm11.1 mm

9. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Coverings Waterproof material which will provide protection from the weather. The most popular covering used on pitch roofs is asphalt shingles although wooden shakes, tile, slate, copper and aluminum sheet material are sometimes used. For flat or low sloped roofs a combination of pitch and gravel is used.

10. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Cornice (Eave) Terms Eave: A projection of the roof out from the exterior wall approximately 400 mm to 600 mm.

11. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Cornice (Eave) Terms Eave: A projection of the roof out from the exterior wall approximately 400 mm to 600 mm. Soffit: The underside of the eave projection. If vinyl siding is used plastic soffit material can be purchased to match the siding material used

12. Ceiling and Roof Framing Fascia Decorative Aluminum metal or straight edge lumber attached to the ends of the roof rafters to give a finished look to the roof assembly

13. Ceiling and Roof Framing Roof Vents To provide ventilation of the attic, roof vents are installed either in the gable ends or in the soffit. These vents remove any moisture which could condensate and cause rotting or insulation damage.

14. Ceiling and Roof Framing Insulation To prevent the loose of heat the building code requires a min. Of R30 be used in the ceiling. In addition a continuous vapour barrier of plastic or some other waterproof material must also installed under the ceiling sheathing materials to prevent moisture from the interior of the house from getting into the attic.