1. Heads-up Display Evolution to Today
By: Danila Alferov & Siddhant Bhatnagar

2. Agenda Introduction Overview History Design Factors Applications
Google Glasses
Visions

3. Introduction
Heads-up Displays (HUDs) initially developed for aviation are now widely distributed and incorporated in media as well as computing technology.
Google Glasses, a novel product expected to release this year, is projected to push the boundaries of this technology.
It will combine the use of HUD with eye tracking technology in the form of user controllable glasses.

4. Overview
Heads-up displays allow users to receive data on a screen in front of them.
Each HUD has three parts
The combiner, which is the surface the data is projected on
The projector unit, which puts out the image
A video generation computer, which creates the images.
The projection unit is an optical collimator setup: a convex lens or concave mirror with a Cathode Ray Tube, light emitting diode, or liquid crystal display at its focus.

5. An optic collimator can be used to replicate a target at any given distance without an apparent overlap. (See Figure 1)
The combiner is coated with a transparent film that allows all other light to pass through.
It reflects or refracts the light generated by the projector unit, making it appear to float on the screen.
Figure 1 : An HUD of a military plane . Notice the display appears overlaid with the background rather on top of it. [1]

6. Figure 2 : German Plane with reflector sight in 1937 [2]
History
The HUD we know today evolved from the reflector sight on German planes in 1937.
They allowed targeting assistance to be added to a scope and displayed information such as air speed velocity and attack angle.
Figure 2 : German Plane with reflector sight in 1937 [2]

7. Figure 3 : Image of the Blackburn Buccaneer [3]
The Buccaneer
The Blackburn Buccaneer developed for the British Royal Navy and Royal Air Force was the first plane with a built-in heads-up display.
Figure 3 : Image of the Blackburn Buccaneer [3]
Was prototyped in 1958, but flew for the British from 1968 until 1994.

8. Figure 4 : Example of HUD in a car [4]
HUDs in Cars
The first heads-up display was added to the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme in 1988.
There were also some included on Toyotas in 1991.
Figure 4 : Example of HUD in a car [4]
Currently, heads-up displays are offered by many different car manufacturers, and as third-party add-ons.

9. Design Specifications
Field of View: indicates the angle(s), vertically as well as horizontally, subtended at the observer’s eye, in which the combiner displays symbols in relation to the outside view.
Collimation: The projected image is collimated which makes the light rays parallel. This means that the observer's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside world and the HUD display.

10. Eyebox: Visible area of HUD
Modern HUD eyeboxes are usually about 5 lateral by 3 vertical by 6 longitudinal inches.
Luminance/contrast — Displays have adjustments in luminance and contrast to account for ambient lighting.
Scaling - The displayed image are scaled to present to the observer a picture that overlays the outside world in an exact 1:1 relationship.

11. Figure 5 : Military soldier utilizing HUD technology [5]
Applications
Heads-up displays are appearing on more consumer technology including:
ski goggles
tools for runners
more complicated
automobile peripherals
Figure 5 : Military soldier utilizing HUD technology [5]
MicroVision is currently working with Pioneer to create a large heads-up display that can work with your smartphone to add in directions.

12. Virtual Retina Display
Shoots a beam of light directly on the retina to display an image in front of the wearer’s eye.
Development since 1991
Figure 6 : Virtual Retina Display illustrated [6]
It will allow for the development of head-mounted displays, which serve as a HUD for the human eye.

13. Gaming Industry
Players use HUDs to keep track of their health, ammunition or objective.
Map
Objective
Ammo
Score
Figure 7 : HUD example Call of Duty: Black Ops 2. [7]
A technique that evolved especially as first-person perspective games, like shooters and RPGs, became mainstream.
They've also appeared in sci-fi movies as part of everyday technology.

14. Project X: Google Glasses
Aims to create augmented reality glasses
At the simplest this means
receiving text messages s
real-time directions
Figure 8 : An individual wearing Google Glasses [8]

15. Controlling Google Glasses
Voice Control
Holographic Keyboard (Patent Registered)
Eye Motion
Figure 9: Google Glasses will be sold with an additional projector piece to create a holographic keyboard when voice control isn’t an option. [9]
Google has taken the capabilities of augmented reality to another level transcending expectations into the world of sci-fi

16. Vision (future)
General Motors is working on a full windshield heads-up display that will work with elements of augmented reality to:
highlight roads and street signs
display GPS directions
display the building you’re driving toward
Figure 10: Futuristic illustration of windshield capable of highlighting signs and buildings [10]
Figure 11: Holographic projection creates a HUD in a vehicle’s wing mirror. [11]

17. Patents for Future
Apple working on Advanced Display for Future Video Glasses since 2006, registered patent in July, 2012
It is the first HUD with Retina DisplayTM

18. References
[7] Black ops 2 multiplayer secrets: trailer analysis. (2012, August 08). Retrieved from
[1], Heads-up display. (2013, January 17). Retrieved from
[11] Graham-Rowe, D. (2009, October 16). Head-up displays go holographic. Retrieved from
[2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [10]. Stark, C. (2012, February 26). The long and winding road to personal heads-up displays. Retrieved from
[8] Stern, J. (2012, April 05). Google glasses: Will you want google tracking your eyes?. Retrieved from
Wilson, G. (2006, February 03). Off with their huds!: Rethinking the heads-up display in console game design. Retrieved from
[9] Thompson, N. (2013, January 21) Patent granted for Google’s glasses with projector. Retrieved from