1. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20071 Coastal and Ocean Management: Balancing Local and Large-Scale Roland Cormier, DFO-MPO, Gulf Region, Moncton Mike Chadwick, DFO-MPO, Gulf Region, Moncton Tony Charles, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax Dan Lane, Telfer School of Management, uOttawa

2. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20072 Key Issues to be Considered  What is the current balance of management between coastal & ocean?  Where are the ‘hot spots’ in the needs for management intervention?  At what spatial scale are the ‘hot spots’ found and/or best approached?  To what extent can public and community involvement be utilized to increase efficiency of management in each of coastal and ocean efforts?  To what extent might jurisdictional challenges reduce management efficiency of coastal and ocean efforts? What are risks of this happening?  What are the opportunities for “scaling-up” from coastal initiatives to large-scale ocean management, or alternatively, “scaling-down” from a large-scale to coastal efforts?  In specific cases, what social, economic, cultural, ecological or biophysical factors must be considered in impacting on the potential for success of coastal versus ocean efforts?

3. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20073 Oceans versus Coastal

4. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20074 Risk Analysis Decision- making Process

5. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20075 CMA Process Ecosystem Risk Characterization Socio-Economic Sector Specific Characterization Jurisdictional Cross- Jurisdictional Characterization Planning Management Options Risk Analysis Decision-Making Process Integrated Management Plan Planning Collaborative Programs BMP Integration Complementary Policies Complementary Regulations Planning Consultation Sector Specific Community

6. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20076 Ecosystem Evaluation: Illustration  Toward Coastal and Ocean valuation and performance evaluation  Identification of important dimensions in the “system”  Assignment of ecosystem effects  Example: Bay of Fundy Case Study

7. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20077 Study Area Grand Manan Island New Brunswick

8. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20078 Biological/Ecosystem Resources Urchins Herring: Day/Night Scallops Lobster Socioeconomic Activities Scallop urchin drags Lobster traps Herring Weirs Fish Farm Sites Habitat Current Flow Salt Marshes Rockweed Benthic Structures Effluents LandOriginEffluent ActivityBased Effluent MarineOriginEffluent CMA Ecosystem Components Recreational Use

9. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 20079 Ecosystem Goal ResourcesHabitatEffluentsActivities Level 1 Goal Level 2 components Level 3 Sub-Components Level 4 Alternatives R1R2R3R4R5H4H3H2H1 C3C2C1 A2A3A4 A5 A1 Alternative 1Alternative 2 Hierarchical problem formulation: Participant dependent/Marine site independent

10. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200710 Potential for Ecosystem Component Interaction

11. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200711 General Component Ecosystem Interaction Rules

12. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200712 Interactive Impacts

13. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200713 Linear Example Y(i) = f (Y 0 p (i), ∆Y j q (i)) = area i * yield/unit area i * IE(C 1,C 2 )

14. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200714 Grand Manan Coastal Aquaculture Analysis

15. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200715 DAFA ACCEPTS APPLICATION ASSOCIATIONS’ COMMENTS (INFLUENCE) SHOW STOPPER? NO YES END INTER-AGENCY REVIEW PUBLIC COMMENTS APPLICATION REVIEWED BY ASEC FINAL RECOMMENDATION BEGIN DAFA ADVISES ASSOCIATIONS LAND OWNERS AND PUBLIC NOTIFIED The Aquaculture Siting Problem Process in the Bay of Fundy Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

16. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200716 Attributed weights of the 5 participants on the 4 components: R, H, E and A (Resources, Habitat, Effluents and Activities)

17. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200717 Evaluation summary of 5 participant groups in comparing 4 marine stategies

18. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200718 Group Decision Making

19. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200719 Balancing Coastal and Ocean Management Initiatives  On the one hand, there is clearly a connection between coasts and oceans. Both ocean management and coastal management involve the balancing of multiple uses within an ecosystem approach. Maybe those involved in ocean management should automatically include coasts...  On the other hand, there are key differences between “ocean” and “coast”. The latter necessarily must deal with: jurisdictional concerns, the land/sea interface, and impacts of one on the other the reality of human settlements, large and small, the fact that on the coast, there is more scope for community-based and/or participatory management.

20. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200720 Two Realities  There are typically greater human complexities to be faced in management on the coast, but also a greater potential to draw on existing human institutions and community support for management.  This implies that benefits and risks will each differ between a focus on coast vs. on open ocean, in terms of management.  Suppose that a certain jurisdiction is involved in ICOM, and wishes to optimize its balance of coastal and ocean initiatives  This balance may be holistic, strategic, i.e. seeking an overall balance among all activities, or of a ‘marginal’ nature, i.e. given a certain current balance, to decide where to direct subsequent incremental expenditures.

21. 2007 OMRN ConferenceOttawa, October 24-27, 200721 Key Issues to be Considered  What is the current balance of management between coastal & ocean?  Where are the ‘hot spots’ in the needs for management intervention?  At what spatial scale are the ‘hot spots’ found and/or best approached?  To what extent can public and community involvement be utilized to increase efficiency of management in each of coastal and ocean efforts?  To what extent might jurisdictional challenges reduce management efficiency of coastal and ocean efforts? What are risks of this happening?  What are the opportunities for “scaling-up” from coastal initiatives to large-scale ocean management, or alternatively, “scaling-down” from a large-scale to coastal efforts?  In specific cases, what social, economic, cultural, ecological or biophysical factors must be considered in impacting on the potential for success of coastal versus ocean efforts?