1. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id Characteristics of Communication Week 3 Gregoria Arum Yudarwati 1

2. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id Discussion 1 Identify the characteristics of communication! 2

3. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id Characteristics of Communication 1.The symbolic nature of communication 2.The intentional nature of communication 3.Communication planned behaviour 4.The transactional nature of communication 5.The contextual nature of communication

4. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id 1. The symbolic nature of communication  Human symbolic activities – activities of using symbols  A sign is something which stands for another thing. For example : (1) symptom (a cough is a symptom that someone maybe sick) (2) symbols (deliberately created to represent something) (3) ritual (it is a bit of symptom but also a bit of symbols)

5. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id 2. The Intentional nature of communication  The meaning is stimulated but is it stimulated intentionally?  Intentionally seems necessary to identify behaviour as communication behaviour.  It is to differentiate communication from perception. Perception is an important part of communication, but not all perceptions involve communcation  Communication is a social rather that an individual process

6. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id 3. Communication as planned behaviour  Viewing communication as planned behaviour, in essence, makes it clear that intentions are necessary element of communication process  A plan is a set of behaviours which the person believes will accomplish a purpose  Two types communication plan : verbal plans and nonverbal plans  Messages are symbolic behaviours which are shaped and energised by communication plan

7. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id 4. The Transactional nature of communication  Communication involves people sending each other messages which reflect the motivation of the participants  Communication is a process of mutual influence in which participants’ motivations interact  A give and take in communication

8. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id 5. The contextual nature of communication  Communication is contextual  A communication context is a type of situation in which communication occurs  Communication contexts include:  interpesonal (communication between two people)  Small group (communication involving several people)  Organisational (communication within and between organisation)  Public (a speaker addressing a large audience)  Mass (communication which is mediated by mass media)  Intercultural (communication between people of different cultures)

9. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id COMMUNICATION PROCESS SENDER Self concept Family Culture Skills Feelings Attitudes Values RECEIVER Self concept Family Culture Skills Feelings Attitudes Values MESSAGE FEEDBACK CHANNEL INTERFERENCE CONTEXT

10. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id Elements of communication 1.Sender 2.Message 3.Receiver 4.Feedback 5.Channel 6.Context or setting 7.Interference or noise

11. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id SENDER  Individuals who react to situation, interpreting ideas, and filtering experiences through their own perception  The sender encodes an idea or feeling in words or signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver

12. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id MESSAGE  The idea or feeling transmitted from the sender to the receiver to achieve understanding.  It makes connection between sender and receiver.

13. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id RECEIVER  The receiver decodes or interprets the message to achieve understanding.  There is a perception process. PERCEPTION = the way people understand or give meaning to their environment. – experience, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, etc

14. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id FEEDBACK  It is a the receiver’s response to the sender’s message, can be intentional or intentional.  It gives the communication continuity  It indicates understanding or misunderstanding of the message  It stimulates further communication and discussion

15. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id CHANNEL  A communication channel is the means or technique used to signal or convey a message.  It is the vehicle for the message.  It can be internal and external channel  Information technology provides a fast channel.  IT is used to store, send, receive and present information

16. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id CONTEXT  It consists of the situation, circumstances or setting within which communication takes place  It plays an important part in encoding & decoding process.

17. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id INTERFERENCE OR NOISE  The message is received is not the same as the message sent because of the noise or interference interrupts intended message.  It leads to misunderstanding and cause communication barriers.

18. Jl. Babarsari 44 Yogyakarta 55281Telp. +62-274-487711 Fax. +62-274-487748www.uajy.ac.id COMMUNICATION BARRIERS Communication barriers are caused by :  Inappropriate choice of words  Inappropriate channel  Inappropriate message  Receiver inattention  Lack of courtesy by the sender/receiver  Nonverbal that doesn’t support the words  Different culture background  Poor layout and presentation  Inappropriate timing  Inadequate feedback