2. National Report by Australia SOT-IV 16-21 April 2007, Geneva, Switzerland Graeme Ball Australian Bureau of Meteorology with input from Ann Gronell (CSIRO), Krystyna Jankowska and Martin Rutherford (DODC) SOT-IV 16-21 April 2007, Geneva, Switzerland Graeme Ball Australian Bureau of Meteorology with input from Ann Gronell (CSIRO), Krystyna Jankowska and Martin Rutherford (DODC)

3. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva2 Outline Participating Agencies. Australian Voluntary Observing Fleet. Australian XBT SOOP. Complementary Programs to SOOP. Port Meteorological Agents. Awards and Certificates. Goodwill. Challenges and Difficulties. Research and Development. Participating Agencies. Australian Voluntary Observing Fleet. Australian XBT SOOP. Complementary Programs to SOOP. Port Meteorological Agents. Awards and Certificates. Goodwill. Challenges and Difficulties. Research and Development.

4. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva3 Participating National Agencies AgencyProgram Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Bureau)VOS, SOOP Commonwealth Scientific Industrial and Research Organisation (CSIRO) SOOP Royal Australian Navy (RAN)VOS, SOOP Defence Oceanographic Data Centre (DODC)SOOP (Data Management) Joint Bureau/CSIRO Australian Facility for Ocean Observing Systems (JAFOOS) SOOP (Data Management)

5. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva4 Australian Voluntary Observing Fleet Comprises Australian and foreign-owned ships recruited to take, record and transmit weather observations whist at sea, but predominantly in the Australian region. Goals of the AVOF: »To maintain a fleet of 100 ships supplying an average of 2 obs per day, per ship. »To provide real-time surface meteorological data of a high quality to support the Bureau’s marine services, climate analysis and research, and end-user applications. Comprises Australian and foreign-owned ships recruited to take, record and transmit weather observations whist at sea, but predominantly in the Australian region. Goals of the AVOF: »To maintain a fleet of 100 ships supplying an average of 2 obs per day, per ship. »To provide real-time surface meteorological data of a high quality to support the Bureau’s marine services, climate analysis and research, and end-user applications.

6. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva5 Status of the AVOF VOS ClassAVOF VOSClim (with TurboWin) TurboWin (non-VOSClim) ShipAWS Selected7512378 Supplementary3020 Auxiliary1000 TOTAL7912398 TARGET10020 2006 Changes + 15 - 25 + 1 - 2 + 9 - 9 + 1 - 3 Nett Change- 10- 10- 2 75 % (as at 31 Dec 2006) 2007 Plans+ 5+ 4

7. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva6 AVOF Observations Sent on the GTS ~41500 BBXX from the AVOF sent on the GTS in 2006 (Not shown: ~3800 BBXX sent as SHIP from 38 RAN vessels)

8. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva7 AVOF Observing Program ComponentManual ObservationShipAWS Observation Observation times00, 06, 12 and 18 UTCConfigurable, but generally every 3 hours when moving LogbookTurboWin (preferred)Electronic TransmissionInmarsat to a LES using free service SAC41 (or SAC1241 in AU region) Inmarsat to Perth LES in data reporting mode Data formatBBXXBinary subset of the BBXX which is converted to a full BBXX by the Bureau Lodgement on GTSNMS in the country hosting the receiving LES Bureau

9. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva8 AVOF Meteorological Instrumentation Instrument Standard (VOSClim compliant) ShipAWS Barometer *Mk I DA or Mk II DAPTB220B Barograph *7-day Marine ScreenMarine (generally 2 per ship)DTR13 radiation shield Thermometers2 x Mercury-in-glass (wet & dry bulb) per screen HMP45 humidity probe and RTD temperature probe AnemometerBeaufort Scale (preferred) or ship’s-own anemometer WAA151 cups and WAV151 vane Sea TempEngine intake (preferred) or bucket & sea thermometer Engine intake or hull-contact sensor * Set to read station level pressure

10. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva9 TurboWin Re-packaged by the Bureau to include: »Bureau-prepared Installation Manual; »Bureau-prepared User Guide; »International PMO contact details; »List of LES that accept SAC41; »AU and NZ Radiofax Schedules; and »AU Radiofax Brochure; Configuration sheet: »Record the ship’s TurboWin setup parameters; and »Left onboard with the installation CD in case the software needs to be re-installed. Re-packaged by the Bureau to include: »Bureau-prepared Installation Manual; »Bureau-prepared User Guide; »International PMO contact details; »List of LES that accept SAC41; »AU and NZ Radiofax Schedules; and »AU Radiofax Brochure; Configuration sheet: »Record the ship’s TurboWin setup parameters; and »Left onboard with the installation CD in case the software needs to be re-installed.

11. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva10 ShipAWS Remotely sensed: »AP, AT, RH, SST; and »Apparent WS and WD. Derived values: »DP, WB, PT; and »True WS and WD. Manual input of visual elements: »Cloud, weather, visibility, sea, swell. Remotely sensed: »AP, AT, RH, SST; and »Apparent WS and WD. Derived values: »DP, WB, PT; and »True WS and WD. Manual input of visual elements: »Cloud, weather, visibility, sea, swell.

12. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva11 Inbuilt GPS

13. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva12 ShipAWS Console

14. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva13 VOS Quality Monitoring SourceFrequencyParameters Real-time feedbackOccasionalAll parameters Météo-France VOS QM ToolsWeeklyAP RSMC QM ReportMonthlyAP, SST, AT, RH, WS, WD RSMC Suspect Ship ListMonthlyAP, SST, AT, RH, WS, WD RTMC VOSClim Suspect Ship ListMonthlyAP, SST, AT, RH, WS, WD RSMC Timeliness of ObservationsMonthlyBBXX Timeliness Bureau Performance ReportMonthlyCount of received BBXX

15. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva14 Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme MQCS compliant QC applied to the GTS real-time BBXX before archival in the Bureau’s climate database. Software under development in support of the MCSS: »Ingest of TurboWin IMMT log files; »Recover data not received in real-time from the GTS; and »Produce an archive file in IMMT-3 format for the MCSS. Plan will be to submit quarterly datasets to the GCCs. MQCS compliant QC applied to the GTS real-time BBXX before archival in the Bureau’s climate database. Software under development in support of the MCSS: »Ingest of TurboWin IMMT log files; »Recover data not received in real-time from the GTS; and »Produce an archive file in IMMT-3 format for the MCSS. Plan will be to submit quarterly datasets to the GCCs.

16. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva15 Australian XBT SOOP Comprises Australian and foreign-owned ships recruited to routinely sample the upper 1000m of the ocean. Goals of Australian XBT SOOP: »To sample the XBT lines in accordance with the requirements set by expert panels for GCOS/GOOS and supplemented by national requirements. »To provide timely and high quality upper-ocean thermal (UOT) data to support oceanographic research, climate analysis and research, defence and fisheries. »To meet agreed national and international obligations, and to advance national interests in, and through the exchange of physical oceanographic data. Comprises Australian and foreign-owned ships recruited to routinely sample the upper 1000m of the ocean. Goals of Australian XBT SOOP: »To sample the XBT lines in accordance with the requirements set by expert panels for GCOS/GOOS and supplemented by national requirements. »To provide timely and high quality upper-ocean thermal (UOT) data to support oceanographic research, climate analysis and research, defence and fisheries. »To meet agreed national and international obligations, and to advance national interests in, and through the exchange of physical oceanographic data.

17. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva16 Australian XBT SOOP (cont) National Coordination: »Annual National SOOP Coordination Panel (NSCP) meetings involving the Bureau, CSIRO, RAN, DODC and JAFOOS; and »Bi-monthly UOT meetings involving the Bureau and JAFOOS. Probes Supply: National Coordination: »Annual National SOOP Coordination Panel (NSCP) meetings involving the Bureau, CSIRO, RAN, DODC and JAFOOS; and »Bi-monthly UOT meetings involving the Bureau and JAFOOS. Probes Supply: ProgramProvider BureauBureau, RAN, AOML CSIRORAN, SIO RAN

18. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva17 Status of the Australian XBT SOOP LineAgency Target Program2006 Program ModeTransectsProfilesTransectsProfilesShips IX01BureauFRX+521144417421 IX12BureauFRX20110073766 IX22BureauFRX2040071652 PX11BureauFRX206403641 PX02BureauFRX26366132231 IX28CSIROHDX6*60053991 PX30CSIROHDX450033281 PX34CSIROHDX428031962 -RAN----187714 * Austral Summer only.

19. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva18 Shipboard XBT System AgencyProbe TypeInterfaceAcquisition Software Bureau Deep BlueUSB Windows-based Devil XBT System (joint CSIRO/Bureau project). CSIRO RAN T4, T5, T7, T10 & Deep Blue Mk12, Mk21 & Devil XBT Windows-based Mk12 & Mk21 software developed under contract by Sippican. Windows-based Devil XBT System

20. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva19 Devil XBT System Bureau’s implementation of the Devil XBT

21. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva20 BATHY on the GTS in 2006 AgencyJJVVComment Bureau719 Manual QC and placement on the GTS until the QC procedures in the Devil XBT System are modified. CSIRO426 JJVV are placed on the GTS by SIO after each voyage if the data are still real-time (i.e. within 30 days). RAN149 Placed on the GTS by the Bureau. Many more JJVV are sent as SHIP. 1294

22. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva21 Delayed-Mode XBT Data in 2006

23. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva22 Exchange of XBT Datasets Bureau and CSIRO: »Annual submission of UOT datasets to NODC and DODC; »Inter-agency exchange; and »Datasets distributed in MEDS-ASCII format with international QC flags appended. DODC: »‘Good’ raw profiles sent to NODC annually; and »Dataset in MarineXML format, including RNZN data. Bureau and CSIRO: »Annual submission of UOT datasets to NODC and DODC; »Inter-agency exchange; and »Datasets distributed in MEDS-ASCII format with international QC flags appended. DODC: »‘Good’ raw profiles sent to NODC annually; and »Dataset in MarineXML format, including RNZN data.

24. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva23 JAFOOS Provides scientific QC of the Bureau’s delayed-mode XBT data.

25. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva24 Complementary Programs to SOOP Argo Australia: »Partnership established in 2001 between the Bureau and CSIRO (additional contributions provided by the ACE-CRC* and RAN); »Annual meeting held jointly with the NSCP; and »Floats deployed in the eastern Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. Multi-Disciplinary Sampling: »Sea-surface temperature and salinity; »Atmospheric and surface ocean carbon; and »Fluorescence and pigments. Argo Australia: »Partnership established in 2001 between the Bureau and CSIRO (additional contributions provided by the ACE-CRC* and RAN); »Annual meeting held jointly with the NSCP; and »Floats deployed in the eastern Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. Multi-Disciplinary Sampling: »Sea-surface temperature and salinity; »Atmospheric and surface ocean carbon; and »Fluorescence and pigments. } By CSIRO on IX28 * Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre

26. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva25 Port Meteorological Agents Fremantle, Melbourne and Sydney: »Part-time contractors; »Full range of PMO services to the AVOF and global VOF; »Ship-greetings to the Bureau’s XBT SOOP; and »Regular support to other Bureau marine programs. Other capital city and provincial ports: »Full-time Bureau Regional Office and Field Office staff; »Limited range of PMO services, generally ‘on-request’; and »Occasional support to other Bureau marine programs. Fremantle, Melbourne and Sydney: »Part-time contractors; »Full range of PMO services to the AVOF and global VOF; »Ship-greetings to the Bureau’s XBT SOOP; and »Regular support to other Bureau marine programs. Other capital city and provincial ports: »Full-time Bureau Regional Office and Field Office staff; »Limited range of PMO services, generally ‘on-request’; and »Occasional support to other Bureau marine programs.

27. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva26 Port Meteorological Agents (cont) 22 (2) Distribution of AVOF and (XBT) ships at 31 Dec 2006 3 3 1 18 (4) 25 (1) 1 6

28. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva27 Port Meteorological Agents (cont) 2006 Activities Routine visits to the AVOF185 Courtesy visits to the AVOF14 Courtesy visits to non-VOS or foreign-VOS67 Recruitment or de-recruitment visits to AVOF or XBT SOOP52 Ship-greetings to the XBT SOOP44 Courtesy visits to load drifting buoys36 Courtesy visits to load profiling floats0

29. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva28 Awards and Certificates Bureau – Ship’s Excellence Award »Maximum of 2 Ship’s Awards per year per PMA; »Member of the AVOF with minimum of five years service; and »High standard of observations for at least the last five years. VOSClim – Certificate of Participation »Presented to each ship recruited to the AU VOSClim fleet. SOT – Certificate of Appreciation »Reserved for the XBT SOOP (and possibly VOSClim) ships; but »No awards yet due to the high turn-over of ships. Bureau – Ship’s Excellence Award »Maximum of 2 Ship’s Awards per year per PMA; »Member of the AVOF with minimum of five years service; and »High standard of observations for at least the last five years. VOSClim – Certificate of Participation »Presented to each ship recruited to the AU VOSClim fleet. SOT – Certificate of Appreciation »Reserved for the XBT SOOP (and possibly VOSClim) ships; but »No awards yet due to the high turn-over of ships.

30. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva29 Goodwill Bureau/AMOS Calendar. Christmas Card. Bureau of Meteorology Cap. Ocean Views Newsletter. Bureau/AMOS Calendar. Christmas Card. Bureau of Meteorology Cap. Ocean Views Newsletter.

31. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva30 Challenges and Difficulties Volatility in the shipping industry – high turnover. Ship safety and security. Request for payment to make VOS observations. Communication with non-English speaking crews. Missed observations due to other ship’s commitments. Introduction of the Devil XBT – QC and formats. Volatility in the shipping industry – high turnover. Ship safety and security. Request for payment to make VOS observations. Communication with non-English speaking crews. Missed observations due to other ship’s commitments. Introduction of the Devil XBT – QC and formats.

32. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva31 Research and Development MCSS software development. Tested IMMT-3 & BBXX generated by RAN’s RAIDEN. New release of Devil XBT due mid-2007. MQUEST by CSIRO for delayed-mode XBT QC. Electronic transfer of delayed-mode XBT data from RAN ships. MCSS software development. Tested IMMT-3 & BBXX generated by RAN’s RAIDEN. New release of Devil XBT due mid-2007. MQUEST by CSIRO for delayed-mode XBT QC. Electronic transfer of delayed-mode XBT data from RAN ships.

33. 16-21 April 2007Australian National Report to SOT-IV, Geneva32