1. Investing in the Cascading Forecasting Process in Modernizing National Meteorological and Hydrological Services WB & WMO

2. 2 Coping with weather, climate and water hazards the proportion of the world’s population living in flood-prone river basins has increased 114% developing countries will continue to be exposed to frequent and extreme weather events as climate change exacerbates those extremes world’s population has grown by 87% over the past 30 years number of people living on cyclone-exposed coastlines has increased 192% urbanization, with more than half of the global population now living in cities weather- and climate-sensitive diseases kill more than 1 million each year

3. NMHSs are small but important public sector agencies – with budgets of usually about 0.01 to 0.05 percent of national GDP and total annual public funding globally of more than US$15 billion.

4. 4 As a 2008 WMO survey indicates However… there are widespread deficiencies in hydrometeorological observing networks, telecommunications, and informatics systems and very limited … capacities in data management and product customization hazard warning capacities are uneven, even non- existent in some countries, while warning programs often do not address all significant meteorological and hydrological hazards The survey shows that many NMHSs have limited financial resources to sustain their operation and a weak legal mandate WMO & WB assessments indicate over 100 NMHSs need modernization

5. Some figures: High priority modernization investments estimated to cost between $1-2 billion Additional O&M costs between US$400 and US$500 million upgrading all hydrometeorological information production and early-warning capacity in developing countries would save an average of 23,000 lives annually and would provide between US$3 billion and US$30 billion per year in additional economic benefits related to disaster reduction

6. (a)Poor quality of services resulting in substantial human and financial losses (a)A deterioration of meteorological and hydrological observation networks and outdated technology, (a)A lack of modern equipment and forecasting methods, (b)Insufficient support for research and development, and (a)An erosion of the workforce resulting in a lack of trained specialists Under funding of NMHSs has led to

7. GFDRR hydromet priority countries Large scale modernization of NMHSs in implementation Country assessments

8. Modernizing NMHSs World Bank Approach: Enhance service delivery: better decision support better communications/deliver systems better interaction with users Improve forecasting systems and observing networks Strengthen Infrastructure legal and regulatory, management

9. A lack of government and development agencies’ understanding of the value of the NMHSs and a lack of commitment to maintain their operations; A preoccupation with project time‐scale installation of hardware without adequate provision for training, ongoing maintenance, consumables, and other continuing technical support; A multiplicity of uncoordinated projects from different donors, each with its own assistance policies, objectives, and equipment suppliers, without sufficient regard to the individual NMHSs’ entire needs, circumstances, and priorities; and The technical complexity of the projects. internationally supported NMHSs modernization efforts in the developing world have achieved only limited success so far, owing to:

10. Sustainability Modernization projects increase annual O&M in most instances Governments are often reluctant to increase operating budget Essential to keep aspirations realistic SWFDP is a least regrets strategy for creating a more sustainable, reliable, timely and accurate forecasting system

11. Sustaining and strengthening existing RSMCs to create a fully functional regional centers aimed at regional integration of hydro‐meteorological forecasting guidance; Expanding the role of existing RSMCs with activity specialization in Tropical Cyclones into an RSMC with activity specialization in forecasting hazardous hydro‐ meteorological phenomena; Establishing new RSMCs/RFSCs to support the SWFDP in new regions. Potential pilots (following Alice’s presentation):

12. 1.Specialized donor supported programs, such as the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), which is providing funding for several large scale modernization efforts of NMHSs; 1.Countries accessing credits or grants from the international financial institutions (e.g. World Bank) and UN Agencies (e.g. UNDP) to support NMHSs modernization programs; 2.Regional and bilateral donor driven initiatives that can incorporate both regional and national activities; 3.Donor support directly to SWFDP; 4.WMO supported voluntary contribution program (VCP). It provides support for training, capacity building and minor investments. Existing financial mechanisms Long term goal: establish a sustained financial mechanism that would provide the regional and global support for operational continuity of “CFP”