1. This document is contained within Wilderness Fundamentals Toolbox on Wilderness.net. Since other related resources found in this toolbox may be of interest, you can visit this toolbox by visiting the following URL: http://www.wilderness.net/index.cfm?fuse=toolboxes&sec=awaren ess. All toolboxes are products of the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center.

2. The Wilderness Act… How it came to be

3. Natural Resources – Unlimited and Untamed.

4. Louisiana Purchase - $15 Million, 600 Million Acres America doubles in size with one stroke of a pen.

6. General Land LandOffice

9. Realization: Resources are not unlimited.

10. Attitudes begin to change

11. Yellowstone National Park established 1872

13. John Wesley Powell publishes “1878 Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States”

14. “From the forest and the wilderness comes the tonics and barks which brace mankind.” Henry David Thoreau

15. Forest Reserves established in 1891

16. 1892 –John Muir and 26 San Francisco residents form the Sierra Club “to explore, enjoy and render accessible the mountain regions of the Pacific NW… and enlist the support and cooperation of the people and the government in preserving the forests and other natural features of the Sierra Nevada.”

17. Gifford Pinchot

18. Teddy Roosevelt “That damn cowboy…”

19. 1907 – Forestry crew, Santa Fe National Forest, NM

20. Hetch Hetchy Controversy “These temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism, seem to have a perfect contempt for nature, and instead of lifting their eyes to the God of the mountains, lift them to the almighty dollar.” Muir, 1912

21. Round Bald – Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina

22. Arthur Carhart “Perhaps the rebuilding of the body and spirit is the greatest service derivable from our forests, for of what worth are material things if we lose the character and the quality of people that are the soul of America.”

23. “Ability to see the cultural value of wilderness boils down, in the last analysis, to a question of intellectual humility….It is only the scholar who understands why the raw wilderness gives definition and meaning to the human enterprise.” Aldo Leopold

24. “There is just one hope of repulsing the tyrannical ambition of civilization to conquer every niche on the whole earth. That hope is the organization of spirited people who will fight for the freedom of the wilderness.” Robert Marshall, 1930

25. Robert Marshall US Forest Service Lowell Sumner National Park Service

26. Howard Zahniser “An area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is visitor who does not remain.”

27. Inventory and allocation decision were controversial.

28. Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Wilderness Act in 1964 “The benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness”

29. Signed by President Johnson on September 3, 1964

30.  After 8 years of debate in Congress  66 different rewrites of the bill  18 public hearings that generated over 6,000 pages of testimony… The Wilderness Act of 1964 P.L. 88-577

31. National Wilderness Preservation System - Percentage by Agency 5% 19.8% 42% 33.2%

32. AGENCYUNITSFEDERAL ACRESPERCENT OF NWPS ACRES Entire NWPS Bureau of Land Management1335,237,8005% Forest Service40034,766,99533.2% Fish and Wildlife Service7120,686,13419.8% National Park Service4444,048,23942.1% TOTAL628104,739,168 NWPS excluding Alaska Bureau of Land Management1335,237,80011.3% Forest Service38129,014,77462.3% Fish and Wildlife Service502,009,2224.3% National Park Service3610,295,15622.1% TOTAL60046,556,952 NWPS in Alaska Forest Service195,752,2219.9% Fish and Wildlife Service2118,676,91232.1% National Park Service833,753,08358% TOTAL4858,182,216

34. Managing to protect the Wilderness is the challenge for the new century.

37. The richest values of wilderness lie not in the days of Daniel Boone, nor even in the present, but rather in the future.” “The good life on any river may…depend on the perception of its music, and the preservation of some music to perceive.” Aldo Leopold

38. “There is no more frontier, we have got to make it here.” The Eagles