1. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents

2. Strong oxidizing agents are species that _______ electrons very easily, whereas strong reducing agents are species that _______ electrons very easily! Strong oxidizing agents have _______ electronegativities, whereas strong reducing agents have _______ electronegativities! gain lose high low O2O2 EN = 3.5strong oxidizing agent ger lon OA Ca EN = 1.0 strong reducing agent leo gon RA

3. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Strong oxidizing agents are usually pure nonmetals, whereas strong reducing agents are usually pure metals (see Reference Table J)! Pure MetalsPure Nonmetals Li 0 F20F20 Au 0 I20I20 Strongest Reducing Agents Weakest Reducing Agents Strongest Oxidizing Agents Weakest Oxidizing Agents lose electrons gain electrons

4. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Pure Metals Rb 0 Ruby, you’re SUCH a loser. Get off me, Elroy! e 1- You’re not going anywhere, Elvira! – lose electrons Cu 0 e 1- We’re basically stuck with each other Curt. Rb 1+

5. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Pure Nonmetals Cl 2 0 Clark, you’re SO possessive. e 1- Ida, are you even interested in me? I20I20 Only a little, Eric. – gain electrons 2e 1- I want you NOW! 2 Cl 1- You’re all MINE!

6. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Metallic ions are oxidizing agents whereas nonmetallic ions are reducing agents (see Reference Table J)! Metallic IonsNonmetallic Ions Li 1+ F 1- Au 3+ I 1- Strongest Reducing Agents Weakest Reducing Agents Strongest Oxidizing Agents Weakest Oxidizing Agents gain electrons lose electrons

7. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Metallic Ions Li 1+ Lily, where’s the magic gone? I’m just NOT very interested, Eddie. Aurelia, you’re SUCH a pig. Au 3+ 3 e 1- Mmmm, I love those things SO much, I just can’t have one! e 1- – gain electrons Au 0

8. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Nonmetallic Ions F 1- We’re together forever, Felix. xoxoxo I’m NEVER letting you go, Ella. So long Ian. I 1- e 1- I want you Esther, but I CAN let you go. e 1- – lose electrons

9. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Ex.1) Which of the following species is the strongest oxidizing agent using Reference Table J? (1) F 2 (2) I 2 (3) Cl 2 (4) Br 2 Oxidizing agents are used to kill bacteria in pools, drinking water, and open wounds such as cuts. Hydrogen peroxide produces O 2 gas. Tincture of iodine is a solution of iodine (I 2 ) and alcohol. Municipalities chlorinate drinking water with chlorine compounds. People put chlorine and/or bromine compounds in their swimming pools. Chlorine bleach is used as a disinfectant.

10. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Ex.2) Which of the following species is the strongest oxidizing agent using electronegativity values? (1) F 2 (2) I 2 (3) Cl 2 (4) Br 2 Ex.3)Which of the following species is the strongest reducing agent using Reference Table J? (1) Ca(2) Zn(3) H 2 (4) Au Ex.4) Which of the following species can most easily be oxidized? (1) Ag(2) Cu(3) Au(4) Pb Ex.5) Which of the following species can most easily be reduced to the pure metal? (1) Cu 2+ (2) Sn 2+ (3) Fe 2+ (4) Al 3+

11. Strengths of Ox. & Red. Agents Ex.6) Which metallic substance can most easily be reduced by hydrogen gas? (1) AuCl 3 (3) AlCl 3 (2) CuCl 2 (4) AgCl Ex.7) According to Reference Table J, which reaction occurs more easily? Au → Au 3+ + 3 e - OR Ag → Ag 1+ + e - _________________________ Pb 2+ + 2 e - → Pb OR Zn 2+ + 2 e - → Zn _________________________ Ag → Ag 1+ + e- Pb 2+ + 2 e- → Pb