1. Millennium Development Goals IB SL
what can one church do?

2. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
One billion people live on less than $1a day. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, this boy spends every day chipping through stones in search of minerals to sell. For a flour bag of mineral-rich stones he is paid as little as 25 cents. His family and community are dependent on this industry.
Target: Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.
Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

3. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Rowena was three when she started work in the Philippines, digging through a garbage dump to collect recyclable materials. She’s never been to school at all.
Target: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

4. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
At fourteen, Phally was working two jobs while her brothers went to school. Now, with the help of a small loan and some training, she runs a successful grocery business in Cambodia, employs her brothers, and can send her own daughter to school.
Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education to all levels of education no later than 2015.

5. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
In Afghanistan each year, 283,000 children under the age of five die. Bismillah is one of the lucky ones. Suffering malnourishment and pneumonia, she was brought in time to a clinic where she’s on her way to recovery.
Target: Reduce by two-thirds, between and 2015, the under five mortality rate.

6. Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Around 529,000 women die each year giving birth. 99% are from developing countries and 80% of deaths are preventable. As a traditional birth attendant, Emily is fighting to reverse these statistics, helping with safer deliveries for hundreds of women in rural Malawi.
Target: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality rate.

7. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Pedro, Rose and Chembe visit the grave of their mother who died from an HIV/AIDS illness. Their grandfather, 75, now takes care of them. Over 14 million children have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS worldwide.
Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

8. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Every day Mame collects water for her family in Senegal.
She’s lucky enough to live near a borehole. The average distance to travel for water in Africa is 6km, and some children spend up to six hours per day on this task.
Target: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources.
Halve by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water.
By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.

9. Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
In Uganda, Simon sells the harvest from a few parched coffee plants that his parents planted before their death. He has no access to global markets or opportunity for a fair price. For every $1 paid for tea at a supermarket, less than 15 cents goes to people in the country where the tea was grown.

10. Target MDG 8
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system – nationally and internationally.
Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.
Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing States.
Address the special needs of least developed countries.

11. A Comprehensive approach
All the MDG influence health, and health influences all the MDGs
The MDGs are inter-dependent. Better health enables children to learn and adults to earn. Gender equality is essential to the achievement of better health. Reducing poverty, hunger and environmental degradation positively influences, but also depends on, better health.
All causes of ill-health affect the achievement of the MDGs
Ill health is not restricted to specific causes, demographic groups, geographies or gender. The full contribution of better health to the achievement of the MDGs requires progress in relation to the major pandemics of AIDS, TB and malaria; to maternal, newborn and child health; but also to noncommunicable disease and mental health and neglected tropical diseases.

12. Fully functioning health System is essential for more rapid progress
Achievement of health targets depend on equitable access to a health system that delivers high quality services. The exact configuration of services will depend on country context, but will in all cases require adequate financing with pooling of risk; a well-trained and adequately remunerated workforce; information on which to base policy and management decisions; logistics that get medicines and vaccines to where they are needed; well maintained facilities organized as part of a referral network; and leadership that provides clear direction and harnesses the energies of all stakeholders - including communities.

13. Systems that seek synergies between programmes get better results
Interventions that address HIV and AIDS can positively influence maternal and newborn health. Strengthened laboratories are essential to combat MDR TB. An integrated approach to malaria control brings benefits in terms of all-cause child mortality. Programmes that boost nutritional status improve outcomes across the board. Well functioning district and referral hospitals are key to reducing maternal deaths.

14. Better health requires Coherent Policies
Social and economic determinants of ill-health cannot be ignored. A good health system - based on Primary Health Care - not only delivers high quality health services, but ensures that health is an outcome of all policies. A wide range of policies - those that influence how and where people live, work, travel and relax; what they eat and drink; how and whether they can access goods and services; and how different communities, groups and genders relate to each other and to the state - all influence the achievement of MDG health targets.
Policy coherence is particularly important in countries that depend on aid. Problems arise when the policies of external agencies are not aligned to nationally agreed priorities and goals. Robust national strategies and plans provide the best means of ensuring alignment of external agencies.

15. A comprehensive approach does not preclude focus or having Clear Priorities
Global disparities in maternal, newborn and child health represent one of the starkest health inequities of our times. Each year approximately 530,000 women die due to complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. Almost nine million under-five children including over 3.5 million newborns die each year from causes that are mostly preventable or treatable with existing interventions. These deaths are increasingly concentrated in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of all maternal deaths and 75% of child deaths occur.
Recognizing the need for urgent action if MDGs 4 and 5 are to be achieved a menu for action is needed along a continuum of care based on a health system strengthening approach

16. Proposed Interventions:
Pre-pregnancy Pregnancy Birth Mother & Newborn Infant Child
Proposed Interventions:
Pre pregnancy : increase access to family planning
Family planning is extremely cost-effective and has a direct impact on improving the health of women and newborns. An estimated 137 million women of reproductive age have an unmet need for family planning, and some 80 million unintended pregnancies occur annually. Recent studies suggest that if this unmet need were filled, maternal mortality would decrease by 30% and newborn mortality by 16% globally, resulting in as many as 150,000 fewer maternal deaths per year
During Pregnancy: four visits to quality antenatal services
Four targeted visits to antenatal care services can reduce the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Specifically, they are used to a) detect problems complicating pregnancy; b) prevent and control anaemia (through iron and folic acid supplementation); c) facilitate integrated HIV counselling, testing and treatment for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; d) prevent malaria by intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets; e) treat malaria and other conditions in pregnant women; and f) provide advice on danger signs and emergency preparedness and facilitate birth planning.

17. Proposed Interventions:
Pre-pregnancy Pregnancy Birth Mother & Newborn Infant Child
Proposed Interventions:
Childbirth: Increase the quality of and access to facility-based childbirth
Every pregnant woman and newborn should have access to quality childbirth care in an adequately staffed and equipped facility. Improving quality of existing maternity facilities, while working toward universal (95%) coverage of high quality facility based services can lead to an 85% reduction of maternal deaths due to postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, postpartum sepsis and obstructed labour, an 85% reduction of newborn deaths due to asphyxia, a 40% reduction of newborn death due to sepsis, and an 85% reduction in stillbirths.
Immediate postnatal period : home-based visits for mothers and newborns
The neonatal period is often neglected, on the assumption that having survived childbirth no further intervention is needed. However approximately 3.5 million babies die in the first month of life, most in the first week. The provision of timely, quality postnatal care services can reduce these deaths by more than 30%, saving more than 1 million infants a year. Effective care can be delivered at home and in the community through outreach, and at first level and referral facilities. However, home-based visits will ensure that both mother and baby receive appropriate care and that referral to facilities are made when necessary and without delay. At first level facilities and through outreach services, additional interventions can be delivered, including care for low birth weight infants; treatment of infections; and immunizations (BCG, Hepatitis B, OPV-0).

18. Proposed interventions:
Pre-pregnancy Pregnancy Birth Mother & Newborn Infant Child
Proposed interventions:
Infancy and Childhood: train and empower community health workers to treat and prevent the major causes of childhood death.
About 9 million children under five years of age die every year. The majority of these deaths can be prevented through simple effective interventions delivered at either, the community level, first level facilities, outreach or referral facility levels. Community health workers can prevent the majority of deaths from diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, and malnutrition. In combination with immunization and measures to prevent malaria, the lives of 3 million children aged 1month to 4 years can be saved every year through timely treatment. The continuing efforts around polio eradication make it clear that effective care to the most-difficult-to reach communities is not only possible but necessary to preserve progress everywhere. empower community health workers to treat and prevent the major causes of childhood death.
METRICS FOR MONITORING :
Timely data to check implementation, assess outcomes and track inequities is essential, especially the case for monitoring pregnancy outcomes, identifying maternal and newborn deaths, and ascertaining their immediate and underlying causes.

19. Supporting national efforts to achieve the MDGs is Core Business for WHO
Setting norms and standards underpins the technical approach to the achievement of all health targets - for example in terms of treatment guidelines and health service standards
Technical cooperation with partners and countries then helps ensures that agreed approaches and global strategies are applied in practice.
WHO uses its technical expertise to assist national authorities as they seek to develop coherent and well-costed national plans and strategies.
In countries with many donors, the WHO office assist governments in their efforts to coordinate development partners and to ensure alignment between external assistance and domestic priorities.
Collection and dissemination of data on health status.