1. 研究紹介 Research introductions Chiba University 千葉大学大学院自然科学研究科像科学専攻 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University ヨサファット テトォコ スリ スマ ンティヨ Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo

2. Sumatera island Java island Lampung bay Legundi island Sertung island Panaitan island Sunda strait Krakatau volcano complex Panjang island Rakata island 0 15 km N Situation map Banten Lampung クラカトア山島群 Indonesia Volcanoes in Indonesia : 129 volcanoes Sumatera : 12 Java : 21 Bali : 2 Nusa Tenggara : 20 Banda sea : 9 North Sulawesi : 6 Sangihe : 5 Halmahera : 5 Krakatau volcano complex (ESDM, Indonesia) SAR mosaic

3. ancient Krakatau 60,000 years ago after gigantic eruption with the lost of volcano dome in 60,000 years ago Rakata Panjang Sertung caldera before 1883 Rakata Panjang sertung Danan Perbuwatan growing up of Rakata, Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes 17th century Rakata Panjang Sertung caldera after 1883 paroxymal explotion of Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes on August 27, 1883 → 36,417 people killed and swept 295 villages Rakata Sertung Danan Perbuwatan Panjang Rakata, Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes activities stopped in 1681. Rakata Panjang Sertung Anak krakatau Krakatau volcano complex growing slowly nowadays and always create spectacular history … 歴史：クラカトア山島群の誕生 North ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥

4. Anak Krakatau Photographs : ESDM, Indonesia 歴史：クラカトア山島群の誕生

5. rotated image North 合成開口レーダ画像生成過程 range compressed image azimuth compressed image raw data sensor illumination Range Azimuth JERS-1 satellite North

6. Full scene of JERS-1 SAR 19980731 Anak Krakatau island Panjang island Rakata island Sertung island Subset of JERS-1 SAR 19980731 North 合成開口レーダ画像生成過程

7. Landsat TM 19920518 Anak Krakatau island Panjang island Rakata island Sertung island JERS-1 SAR 19980731 N N Panjang island Sertung island Anak Krakatau island Rakata island Map legend Lav Lavas in 1963, 1972, 1975, 1980 Pca1 Pyroclastic airfall layer of ash, scoriaeous lapilli, sand exposed in 1982. Pca2 Pyroclastic airfall layer of ash, scoreae, lapilli, sand exposed in 1956. Smd Material deposit of the rock such as silt, sand or block size, andesites, basaltic andesite, and obsidian fragments Hal Hyperstene augite andesite lava Pf 1883 Pyroclastic flow Bal Basaltic lava Roc1 Rock distribution Roc2 Estimated rock distribution クラカトア山島群地質図とＳＡＲ画像の関係

8. Landsat TM 19920518 Anak Krakatau island Panjang island Rakata island Sertung island JERS-1 SAR 19980731 N N Panjang island Sertung island Anak Krakatau island Rakata island Geological cross section クラカトア山島群地質図とＳＡＲ画像の関係

9. North 0 2 km composited SAR images 19941105 19961122 19980913 19941105 19961122 19980913 クラカトア火山活動

10. A Sea level Pre-historic Krakatau Rakata island Pre-1883 Krakatau Sertung island Pf 1883 Hal Bal Pf 1883 2000m 1500m 1000m 500m 0m AB B 後方散乱係数の見方

11. Sea level Anak Krakatau island Panjang island Pf 1883 Hal Pre-historic Krakatau Sea level Hal Pf 1883 Smd Pca2 Lav 1972/1973 Pca1 1000m 750m 500m 250m 0m CD Pre-historic Krakatau Sertung island C D 後方散乱係数の見方

12. Pf 1883 1000m 750m 500m 250m 0m E F Anak Krakatau island Panjang island Pre-historic Krakatau Sea level Hal Pca2 Lav 1972/1973 Pca1 Smd E F 後方散乱係数の見方

13. #1 19941105 19961122 19980913 4 dB 5 dB 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係

14. #2 19941105 19961122 19980913 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係

15. #3 7 dB 5 dB 19941105 19961122 19980913 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係

16. #4 19941105 19961122 19980913 5 dB 3 dB 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係

17. Pf 1883-8 dB Pca1 -10 dB Pca2-6 dB Lav 1972/1973-10 dB Hal-12 dB Smd-9 dB Sea surface-16 dB Backscattering coefficient of each soil type Radar respons / backscattering coefficient of new lava around Anak Krakatau Volcano Northern area : 5 ~ 7 dB increased Western area : 4 ~ 5 dB increased North-eastern area : 3 ~ 5 dB increased 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係