1. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation SARCLE-2010: Steam enhanced ISR and CO 2 -footprint > 20 years experience Groundwater Technology Eric de Zeeuw

2. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Steam enhanced ISR Principle Steam heats up the soil Heat accelerates the clean up processes Heat/Energy ‘releases’ captured product Extraction recovers mobile contaminants Costs a lot (€, energy and CO 2 )???

3. Heat enhanced process Not Contaminated Soil particles (grey) surrounded by bonded water (dark blue). The rest of the pores filled with groundwater Contaminated Some pores contain free phase product (oil). Oil is ‘trapped’ in pores by touching layers of bonded water. Increased temperature : Thickness layer of bonded water decreases. Viscosity decreases. Solubility and reaction rates increase. Elevated temperature: Virtually no bonded water. Viscosity is low. Product no longer ‘trapped’. Boiling point of product/water mix is lower than < 100°C Boiling point exceeded : No liquid water present. Boiling water (steam) expands 1200 fold. Oil completely free to flow. Low viscosity, high vapour pressure. After remediation: Almost all product removed. Some residuals adsobed onto soil particles Cooling down starts Groundwater returns. Layer bonded water returns Residual contamination remains strongly adsorbed onto soil particles Cool down progresses Layer bonded water increases Residual contamination remains strongly adsorbed onto soil particles. Only contamination that is not mobile at > 100°C is left Cool down complete Residual contamination remains strongly adsorbed onto soil particles. Only contamination that is not mobile at > 100°C is left. Residual contamination will gradually biodegrade. Remediation complete Any residual contamination is demonstrated stable. No migration, no exposure, no ecological risk. Residual contamination will gradually biodegrade.

4. Temperature probes Temperature distribution (3D)

5. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation Case Heat Enhanced Remediation Of Light Cycle Oil

6. ISSUE Light Cycle Oil (similar to diesel) spill 300 m 3 spilled, 15.000 m 2 contaminated Initial response: recovery (10 -20 m 3 remain) Immediate action: containment via DM-VEX Remedial actions: evaluated

7. SITE OVERVIEW

8. OPTIONS Three solutions were considered: 1.Excavation –Technically complicated, Expensive (> €2M) 2.Multi-phase extraction & in situ bioremediation –Time (3+ years), residual contamination 3.Heat enhanced remediation –Quick (3 rounds, 2 months each) –Low residual contamination –Costs equivalent to in situ bioremediation

9. Containment High-vacuum multiphase extraction: no migration Remediation 3 injection events for a period of 2 months for each event Residual of Light Cycle Oil: below detection RESULT

10. RESULTS After coolingBefore cooling Discharge to foul was not to exceed 70 o C

11. RESULTS

12. TIME & COSTS ActionDurationCost estimate Containment 2 years€ confidential Steam injection, per batch 2 month€ 200.000

13. Carbon Footprint Method SKB-project Carbon Footprint Soil Remediation Project management TAUW Members: Groundwater Technology (and others) Result: Spreadsheet Model Calculation CO 2 emissions

14. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Case GT Surface: 500 m 2 Depth: 10 m Volume: 5000 m 3 Contamination: Creosote and Oil Average concentration: 10.000 mg/kg In groundwater: max. 120.000 ug/l Soil consisting of fine sands, layered, some loam and clay layers

15. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Comparison of D&D vs. STI Dig and dump: Excavation in controled by sheet piles Refill with clean sand Groundwater treatment during 3 years Steam enhanced Extraction Complete removal of all contaminants During 60 days

16. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Result: CO 2 Dig and Dump CO 2 emissions totally 2008.7 Tons, mainly transport and treatment

17. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Result: CO 2 Groundwater Water treatment 159.5 Tons, extraction 6.2 Tons CO 2

18. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Resultaat: CO 2 Steam 1,021.6 Tons CO 2 emissions, 2/3 part Steam production Steam production

19. Vergelijking technieken

20. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Conclusions 1. Steam enhanced In situ remediation leads to less emissions of CO 2 compaired to dig and dump 2.Yet, Innovations are possible to further deminish the emissions and improve the Carbon Footprint

21. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Innovations 1.Optimalisation of the proces control saves time, costs and energy 2. Use surplus steam, that is available on many industrial sites 3.80% of the contaminants are removed with the vapour phase 4.With a RSI (ICE) unit can produce electricity using the contaminants as a fuel source

22. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering ICE unit

23. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) at 1760° C Automated air-fuel ratio control system Contamination used as fuel for engine TECHNOLOGY

24. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering ADVANTAGES Mobile & self-supporting Continuous automatic control High intake concentrations Energy production of up to 30kW/hr

25. Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation Solution Provider bij bodemsanering Leading in soil and groundwater remediation Groundwater Technology BV Sheffieldstraat 13Postbus 12115 3047 AN Rotterdam3004 CG Rotterdam Tel: +31 (0)10 238 2850 Calamiteiten: +31 (0)10 238 2868 Fax: +31 (0)10 238 2869 E-mail: info@gtbv.nl Web: www.gtbv.nl Thank you for your attention