1. Wireless Communications
GSM
GPRS
UMTS
CDMA 2000
WiFi
References:
GPRS Cisco White Paper
UMTS Forum White Paper 2005
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

2. Wireless Migration Path
NMT
(900)
192 kbps
GSM(900)
GPRS
WCDMA
TACS
GSM(1800)
2 Mbps
GSM(1900)
GPRS
IS-136(1900)
EDGE
IS-95(1900)
384 kbps
IS-136(800)
AMPS
CDMA2000 1X
CDMA2000 3X
IS-95(800)
SMR
iDEN(800)
200 kbps
2 Mbps 1G 2G
2.5G 3G
TACS – Total Access Communication System
NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone
SMR – Specialized Mobile radio
iDEN – Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network (Motorola)
EDGE – Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

3. 2G spectrum allocation D-AMPS/TDMA IS-54/136 (800) GSM (850) GSM-EU
(900)
EGSM-EU
GSM-EU (1800)
Year
1983/1991
1983
1991
1992
Base Tx MHz
Base Rx MHz
Spectr. allocat.
25 MHz
9.8 MHz
150 MHz
Radio Channel
30 kHz
200 kHz
No of carriers
832
125 49
375
channel/carrier
3 (6) 8
Modulation
4DPSK1
0.3GMSK2
0.3GMSK
CODEC
A/VCELP3
RELP4/
ACELP
RELP/
1DMSK – Differential Phase Shift Keying,
2GMSK – Gaussian Maximum Shift Keying,
3CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction, A – Algebraic, V – Vector (8 kbps),
4RELP – Residual ELP (13 kbps). Tanenbaum page 687: G723.1 – 5.3 to 6.4 kbps.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

4. 3G spectrum allocation GSM-US (1900)1 CDMA IS-951 CDMA2000 1X WCDMA
Year
2003
1993
2000
Base Tx MHz
Base Rx MHz
Spectr. allocat.
60 MHz
50 MHz
120 MHz
Radio Channel
200 kHz
1.25 MHz
5 MHz
No of carriers
300 20 48
15*12 = 180
channel/carrier 8 64
Modulation
0.3GMSK
QPSK2
QPSK
CODEC
RELP/
ACELP
CELP3
CELP
12G
2QPSK – Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.
3CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction,
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

5. Spectrum Frequency Chart
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

6. GSM Spectrum ARFCN – Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.
Offset between downlink and uplink
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

7. Offset
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

8. Coverage – Frequency ReuseD G F B
MSC1 A E C
MSC2 d D r
Carrier/Interference = 17 dB
For N (reuse pattern) = 7, d/r = 4.6
MSC – Mobile Service/Switching Center
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

9. GSM (2G) Standard Reference ModelUm
HLR
AuC D
VLR
SMSC MT B C
BTS
TRAU
optional
Abis
BSC
EIR A
Ater
MSC/VLR
GMSC E F
BTS
PSTN
SS7 signaling
SS7 signaling + trunks
AuC - Authentication Center
BSC - Base Stations Controller
BTS – Base Transceiver Station (50–100 BTS)
EIR – Equipment Identity Register
GMSC - Gateway Mobile Service Center
HLR – Home Location Register (one per ntwk)
VLR – Visitor Location Register
MT – Mobile Terminal
ME - Mobile Equipment (IMEI – International Mobile Equipment Identity)
+ SIM (Subscriber Identity Card containing IMSI – International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
SMSC - Short Message Service Center
PSTN - Public Switching Telephone Network
TRAU – Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

10. Location update Registration (passive), Handover (active) A B distance
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

11. Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
EIR
SMSC F C
HLR
AuC
PSTN
GMSC E D B B
VLR1
MSC1
MSC2
VLR2 G A A
BSC1
BSC2
Abis
Abis
BTS1
BTS2 Um
MS* Um
*Mobile Station = MT + ME
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

12. GSM Location Update (Registration)
New
MSC2/VLR
Previous
MSC1/VLR MS
BSS2*
GMSC/HLR/AuC
Channel Request
Channel Assigned
Loc Update Request
Loc. info Update
Send Auth. Info
Authentication Info
Authentication Challenge
Authentication Response
Update Location
Cancel Location
Cancel Location Ack
Insert Subscr. Data
Subscr. Data Ack
Update Location Ack
Location Update Accept
Clear Channel
Clear Complete
Channel Released
*BSS = BTS + BSC
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

13. GSM Standard Reference Model (2)
BTS: radio station that talks to mobiles.
BSC: allocate channels and other resources.
HLR: IMSI, last location area, class of service.
VLR: IMSI, class of service.
AuC: secret key (the same as in SIM card).
EIR: IMEI if reported stolen marked invalid.
SMSC: Short Message Service data base.
All Interfaces are SS7 protocol based
Signaling
GSM signaling + voice MT
EIR
GMSC Um
BTS
BSC
MSC A E C D
PSTN
VLR
Abis TE R F
HLR
AuC
SMSC
Radio Resource Management: BSC radio/fixed
channels/slots Allocation during call setup, and handoffs.
Mobility management: HLR/VLR – registration, inter MSC handoffs, authentication
Connection Management: MSC + supplementary services and Short Message Service.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

14. GPRS: GSM Packet Radio Service (2.5G)
PDN - Packet Data Network (Internet)
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
PSTN – Public Switching Telephone Network
SMSC
PSTN
GMSC E C Gd
VLR
AuC
MSC
HLR D
EIR Gr F Gs Gf A Gc R Um
Abis Gb
PDN TE MT
BTS
BSC
SGSN
GGSN TE Gn Gi Gn Gp
BSC – splits voice and data traffic)
GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node (protocol converter and router)
SGSN
other PLMN
SGSN
GSM signaling + voice
Signaling
Signaling + data
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

15. UMTS (3G) UE - User Equipment Node B - Logical node for radio T/R.
SMSC
PSTN
GMSC E C Gd
VLR
AuC
MSC
HLR D F
EIR Gr Gs Gf A Gc R Um
Abis Gb
PDN TE MT
BTS
BSC
SGSN
GGSN TE Gn Gi
IuCS Uu
Iubis UE
NodeB
RNC Gp
(BTS)
IuPS
UE - User Equipment
Node B - Logical node for radio T/R.
(equivalent to BTS).
RNC - Radio Network Controller
(equivalent to BSC).
other PLMN
SGSN
GSM signaling + voice
Signaling
Signaling + data
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

16. GSM Air Interface Um T - Traffic Channel (TCH)
One multiframe = 26 frames = 120 msec
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T -
1 frame = 8 slots = 4.62 ms
T - Traffic Channel (TCH)
A - Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) 0*
bits/0.577 msec = kbps
140 useful bits.
3tail
bits
57 message/
data bits
26 training
Sequence bits
57 message/
data bits
3tail
bits
8.25 gua-
rd bits 1 1
Stealing bits
For FACCH
TCH for uplink and downlink are separated by 3 burst periods so that MS
does not have to transmit and receive simultaneously.
*If only one carrier per cell this slot is shared by: BCCH, CCCH, and SDCCH.
If more then one carrier this slot is shared by BCCH and CCCH and next slot
Carries SDCCH.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

17. GPRS CCHs Random Access use Slotted Aloha
Uplink
Downlink
PCH
Paging Ch.
CCCH
Common Control Ch.
AGCH
Access Grant Ch.
RACH
Random Access Ch.
NCH
Notification Ch.
voice
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
Random Access use
Slotted Aloha
PPCH
Paging Ch.
PCCCH
Common Control Ch.
PAGCH
Access Grant Ch.
PRACH
Packet Random Access Ch.
PNCH
Notification Ch.
packet
PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
BCCH – general info regarding BTS and network and of the CCCH configuration.
CCCH – Common Control Channel
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

18. GPRS TCH and Associated CCHs
stand-alone
4(8) slots
SDCCH/4(8)
Stand-alone Dedicated Control Ch.
SACCH/C4(C8)
Slow SDCCH/4(8) Associated Control Ch.
FACCH/F(H)
Fast Associated Control Ch.
E-FACCH/F
Enhanced Fast Associated Control Ch.
Voice Traffic Channel
F(H) Full(Half) Rate
TCH
Traffic Ch.
SACCH/F(H)
Slow Associated Control Ch.
SACCH/M
Slow Associated Control Ch. for Multislot configur.
SACCH/CTS
Slow Associated Control Ch. for CTS
PACCH Packet Associated Control Ch.
PTCCH Packet timing Advance Control Ch.
Packet Traffic Channel
SDCCH – used prior to call for SMS or signaling.
SACCH – used when MS in on call to signal power strength in preparation for handoff and SMS.
FACCH – used when MS on call for non-voice info like supplementary services and control
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

19. Burst Structure
Stealing bits for FACCH
Normal Burst
3tail
bits
57 message/
data bits
26 training
sequence bits
57 message/
data bits
3tail
bits 1 1
8.25 guard bits
Training bits are for equalization. Radio waves bounce of everything. Which one to use is determined by training sequence bits. It keeps MS in phase with BTS.
FCB Frequency Control Burst
3tail
bits
142 “0” bits (empty frame)
3tail
bits
8.25 guard bits
SCB Synchronous Control Burst
3tail
bits
38 message or
training bits
64 extended training
sequence bits
38 message or
training bits
3tail
bits 1 1
8.25 guard bits
Access Control Burst
8 tail bits
44 synchronization bits
36 encryption bits
60 guard bits
8.25 guard bits
Voice coders (Vocoders) full-rate 13 kbps, half-rate 7 kbps.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

20. GPRS Interfaces MS BSS GGSN SGSN Um Gb Gn Gi
Application
IP/X.25
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
IP/X.25
GTP
TCP/
UDP IP L2 L1
relay
SNDCP
GTP
LLC
TCP/
UDP
BSSGP IP
Ntwk L2
L1bis L1
RLC
BSSGP
MAC
Ntwk
GSM RF
L1bis
relay MS
BSS
GGSN Um Gb
SGSN Gn Gi
SNDCP – Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol.
Maps networks layer protocol like IP/X.25 into underlying LLC
BSSGP – Base Station GPRS Protocol. Processes routing and QoS for BSS.
LLC – Link Layer Control (LAPD).
GTP – GPRS Tunnel Protocol
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

21. GPRS Location Update - Attach
New
SGSN/VLR
Previous
SGSN/VLR MS
BSS
HLR/AuC
Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned
Attach Request
Attach Request
Send Auth. Info
Authentication Challenge
Authentication Info
Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned
Authentication Response
Update GPRS Loc
Cancel Location
Insert Subscr. Data
Cancel Location RR
Subscr. Data RR
Update GPRS Loc RR
Attach Accept
Packet Channel Req.
Channel Assigned
Attach Complete
Attach Complete
Ack
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

22. PDP Context (IP address allocation)MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Activate PDP Context
Autentication Request
Autentication Response
PDP Context Req.
PDP Context Resp.
PDP Context Accept
SNDCP PDU
GTP PDU
TCP/IP PDU
TCP/IP PDU
GTP PDU
SNDCP PDU
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

23. CDMA concept Chip rate Spreading factor = chip_rate/data_rate.
Senders
Chip rate
Spreading factor = chip_rate/data_rate.
dB = 10 log( spreading rate/data rate )
has the same effect as dB (signal/noise).
d1o=1
Data bits
Zi,1m = di1cm1
d11=-1
Chips
Data bits
d21=1
d2o=1
Zi,2m = di2cm2
Chips
Channel Zi,*m
d1i = (Sm Zi,*mc1m)/M
d1o=1
d11=-1
d21=1
d2o=1
d2i = (Sm Zi,*mc2m)/M
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

24. UMTS W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA)
15 TDD slots/frame
etc.
2,000 mks
1,333 mks
667 mks EU
Uplink: MHz
Downlink: MHz
12 Channels * 15 slots = 180 channels
Each channel can be used as up-link and down-link.
This enables asymmetric slot allocation.
etc. MHz
CDMA channels 5 MHz each
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

25. W-CDMA Frame Format One superframe = 72 frames = 720 msec
1 frame = 15 slots = 10 ms
1 slot = 2560 chips = ms
Data or Control: Uplink or Downlink
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

26. WCDMA Concept Orthogonal functions with spreading factors
data sequence (bits/sec)
SF (Spreading Factor) = chip_rate/bit_rate = 2^k.
Chip Rate = 3.84 Mbps
For transmit sequences to be orthogonal it must be:
==> SF (chosen) = 3.84 Mbps/bit_rate.
spreading sequence (chips/sec)
transmit sequence
Orthogonal functions with spreading factors
For speech of 12.2 kbps the spreading
factor = or gain = 25 dB. Max spreading factor = 256 with gain 24 dB.
Maximum data rate = 960 kbps (gross) = 460 (net) which gives spreading factor = 4 and
the gain of 6 dB.
How do we achieve 2 Mbps (net). Using 5 time slots.
1 1 1
1-11-1
1-1
1-1-11
SF=1
SF=2
SF=4
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

27. Evolution of UMTS Core Network 3GPP 1999 (from slide 9)
RNC
Iu-cs
SMSC
PCM
MSC/
VLR
PCM
GMSC
PSTN ME
USIM UE
Iur D C
signaling
Iub
HSS
AuC
Signaling
+ SMS
Node B Gd Gs
RNC
CS (voice) Gr
Iub Gc
PS (data) Gn
(GTP/IP) Gi
(IP)
Iu-ps
Internet
SGSN
GGSN
Node B
UTRAN
Core Network
HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR)
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

28. 3GPP Release 4 March 2004 RNC UTRAN MGW MGW PSTN SGSN GGSN Internet
signaling
Node B
RNC
Iub
Iur
UTRAN
AuC
HSS
CS (voice)
Iu-cs
(control)
PS (data) IP
MSC/VLR
Server
GMSC
Server
SS7 GW
H248/IP
H248/IP
Iu-cs
(bearer)
RTP/IP
PCM
MGW
MGW
PSTN Gn
(GTP/IP) Gi
(IP)
Iu-ps
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Core Network
HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR)
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

29. 3GPP Release 5 June 2004 MGW PSTN GGSN Internet UTRAN Core Network RNC
all
background
Streamline/
interactive
RNC
SIP proxy
AuC
conversational
HSS
CSCF
MGC
Iur Cx Mg
Node B
Iub Gr Mc
Iu-IM Gn Gi
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
MGW
PSTN
Iub
Node B Gi
Internet
IM – IP Media domain
MGC – Media Gateway Controller
CSCF – Call State Control Function
UTRAN
Core Network
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

30. WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture*
PCF (Point Cordination Function) or infrastructure mode
Server
Router
LAN
about
30 m
Access
Point - AP
Access
Point - AP
Wireless
LAN – BSS**
Wireless
LAN
AP polls base stations
*Tanenbaum Chapter 4.4.
** Basic Service Set
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

31. WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture
DCF (Distributed Cordination Function) or point-to-point mode D B A C
Range
of B
Range
of A
Hidden station problem: A is transmitting to B. If D senses the channel it will
not hear anything and falsely conclude that it may start transmitting to B.
Exposed station problem (inverse): A is transmitting to D. B wants to transmit
to C however it hears channel busy.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

32. Frequency range and IEEE 802.11
ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band:
902 – 928 MHz
2.4 – GHz
5.735 – GHz
Upper layers
Logical Link Control
DCF PCF
Infrared FHSS DSSS
MAC
physical
DCF – Distributed Coordination Function
PCF – Point Coordination Function
FHSS – Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

33. DCF MACAW (Multiple Access with Collision Avoidence for Wireless)
RTS
Fragm1
Fragm2
Station A
CTS
Ack
Ack
Station B
NAV*
Station C
(hidden from B)
NAV
Station D
(hidden from A)
Since probability of correct frame is low, MAC layer splits the frame into fragments and creates acknowledgment.
*Network Allocation Vector
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

34. Combo: DCF and PCF
Ack
Station B
SIFS
PIFS
DIFS
EIFS
SIFS (Shortest InterFrame Spacing) allows parties already in a dialog to go first letting: sender to send next fragment without repeated RTS, receiver to send ack, receiver to respond to RTS by CTS, etc.
PIFS (PCF InterFrame Spacing) allows Base Station to grab a channel. Base Station (if nothing to send) broadcasts beacon frame every 1 to 10 msec to inform about clock synchronization, polling sequence etc.
DIFS (DCF InterFrame Spacing) any station may attempt to get a channel to start a new frame.
EIFS (Extended InterFrame Spacing) allows receiving station to report a bad frame.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

35. 802.11 Data Frame, Fig. 4-30 Frame control Dur- ation Addr1 Addr2
Seq
Addr4
Data (0-2312)
CHK
– Bytes
Ver-
sion
Type
Sub-
type To DS
From DS MF
Retry
Pwr
More W O
bits
Version - protocol version.
Type - data, control, or management frame.
Subtype - RTS, CTS or Ack.
To/From DS - frame is coming from another distribution system (another Ethernet cell).
MF - more fragments will follow.
Retry - retransmission of a frame sent earlier.
Pwr - used by the Base Station to off/on power of the receiver.
More - sender has more frames.
W - frame body has been encrypted into WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy).
O - sequence of frames with this bit must be processed strictly in order.
Duration - duration in the channel of this frame and its ack.
Addr1 and 2 - source and destination address.
Addr3 and 4 - source and destination address within another (inter)cell.
Seq - 12 bits are for frame number and 4 for fragment.
Data - payload up to 2312 bytes.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

36. Internet Applications and Services
DNS – Domain Name System
Electronic mail
MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
World Wide Web
HTML – HyperText Markup Language
XML – eXtesible Markup Language
XHTML – eXtended HyperText Markup Language
Dynamic Web Documents
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

37. Wireless Application and Services
SMS - Short Message Service
Infrastructure
Protocol layers
Structure of Message Segment
Network Functions for Message Delivery
SMS and Delivery
EMS - Enhanced Messaging Service
Basic EMS
Animation
MIDI – Musical Instruments Digital Interface
Color Animation
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

38. Wireless Multimedia Application and Services
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
WAP Protocol Stack
WAP Languages and Design Tool
WAP Traffic Modelling and Performance issues
Wireless Web
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

39. MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service
MMS Architecture
MMS Environment
MMS Client
MMS Center
Interfaces
WAP realization of MMS
Message sending, retrieval, forwarding, reports.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

40. MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service
Transaction Flow
Person-to-Person
Content-to-Person
Message delivery, cancellation, replacement
Delivery Report and Error Handling
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

41. IMPS - Instant Messaging and Presence Service
Infrastructure
Protocols
Security
Evolution
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

42. Push-to-Talk Architecture Standardization Service Access Performance
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

43. LBS - Location based Services
LBS server
Positioning System
Supplementary Systems
LBS Clients
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

44. 3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project
History: ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) SMG (Special Mobile Group) + CEPT (Conference Europeanne des Postes et Telecommunications carried GSM standards for 18 years -> > 3GPP.
1998 Joint project between 6 standardization bodies from:
Europe (ETSI), North America (T1), Korea (TTA – Telecommunication Technology Association), Japan (TTC - Telecommunication Technology Committee and ARIB – Association of Radio Industries and Business), China (CWCS – China Wireless Telecommunications Standard)
Structure:
3GPP = PCG (Project Coordination Group) => TSG (Technical Specification Groups) to create and maintain 3GPP specifications.
Objective:
UMTS technical specification
maintain existing GSM specifications
developing further GSM extensions (like GPRS)
Involved in development of messaging standards:
General service requirements
Architecture
Formats and codecs
Low level technical realizations
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

45. 3GPP – Documents TR – Technical Reports:
Feasibility studies that may become standards.
TS – Technical Specifications:
Define GSM/UMTS standards published independently by constituents.
Specs are usually frozen for 1 to 1.5 years between releases (only essential corrections allowed).
Three stages:
Service description from user’s perspective
Logical analysis -> functional architecture and information flow
Implementation = technical realizations
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

46. 3GPP – Organizational Structure
TSG - Technical Specification Groups
CN (Core Network):
-WG1 Call Control, Session Management, Mobility Management (Iu)
-WG2 CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic)
-WG3 Interworking with external networks
-WG4 MAP/GTB/BCH/SS
-WG5 Open Service Architecture (OSA)
Project
Coordination
Group
(PCG)
TSG CN
Core Network
GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access network):
-WG1 Radio Access
-WG2 Protocol aspects
-WG3 Base Station Testing and OA&M
-WG4 Terminal Testing Radio Aspects
-WG5 Terminal Testing Protocol Aspects
TSG GERAN
GSM EDGE
Radio Access Network
RAN (Radio Access Network):
-WG1 Radio Layer 1 Spec
-WG2 Radio Layer 2 Spec
-WG3 Iub, Iur, Iu specs and UTRAN O7M requirement
TSG RAN
Radio Access Network
SA (Service Architecture):
-WG1 Services
-WG2 Architecture
-WG3 Security
-WG4 Codec
-WG5 Telecom Management
TSG SA
Services & System Aspects
T (Terminals):
-WG1 Mobile Terminal Conformance Testing
-WG2 MT Services and Capabilities
-WG3 Universal Subscriber identity Module
TSG T
Terminals
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

47. 3GPP Milestones Timeline 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
MMS
Service
EMS
availability
SMS
UMTS
Network
availability
GPRS
GSM
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
Standardiza-
tion milestone
R96
R97
R98
Rel.99
Rel.4
Rel.5
Rel.6
WAP
WAP
WAP
OMA
OMA
OMA
MMS
MMS
MMS
1.0
1.2.1
2.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

48. 3GPP – Documents 3GPP TS 23.040 V5.1.0 Document number aa.bbb or aa.bb
Document version:
x: major version or release
y: technical version
z: editorial version
Document type:
TS: Techn. Spec
TR: Techn Report
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

49. 3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2
Joint project between ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and IMT-200 (International Mobile Telecommunications.
Objective:
produce specification for services deployed in North American and Asian markets for CDMA networks
Adopting 3GPP and OMA interfaces for CDMA.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

50. GSMA – GSM Association
Global trade organization that represents the interest of several hundreds of GSM mobile operators.
Objective: promoting, protecting, enhancing the interests of GSM operators. It publishes technical recommendations widely endorsed by GSM community.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

51. IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force
Documents start by RFC (Request For Comments), i.e. RFC 822
Stable RFC may fall into Standard Track documents:
* technical specifications (description of protocol, service, procedure, convention, or format.
* applicability statements.
Proposed standard is registered by IESG (Internet Engeneering Steering Group) and given to public for review.
Proposed standard is moved to draft standard if it has at least two implementations.
If proposed standard reaches maturity for many implementations it becomes Internet Standard and gets the name:
RFC 822 Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text messages.
D. Crocker. Aug /Status: STANDARD/STD0011.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

52. W3C – WWW Consortium created 1994
Development widely accepted protocols and formats for WWW.
TS from W3C are known as recommendations.
W3C collaborates closely with IETF. Example of documents are:
HTML, URI, HTTP, XML, XHTML, SVG, SMIL.
W3C are organized into following five domains:
Architecture domain: WWW architecture.
Documents format domain: definition of formats and languages.
Interaction domain: user interactions with WWW.
Technology and Society domain: social and legal issues.
Web Accessibility Initiative: promoting usability for disabled people.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

53. W3C documents release procedures
Proposed
recommendation
Candidate
recommendation
Increasing level
of maturity
Last call
Working draft
Working
draft
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

54. WAP Forum WAP forum -> 2002 -> Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
Documents:
Specification: proposal, draft, etc.
Change Request: unofficial proposal to change spec. initiated by individuals (forum members).
Specification Change Documents (SCD): proposed modification of specification released only by specification working group.
Specification Implementation Note (SIN): an approved modification of previously published spec.
Specification state
A: approved
P: proposed
T: prototype
O: obsolete
D: draft
Specification
registered name
WAP-205-MMSArchOverview a
Document
identifier
Specification version (date)
25/04/2001
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

55. OMA – Open Mobile Alliance
Established 2002 by about 200 companies to develop interoperable
application enablers, which are bearer agnostic, and independent of
any operating system.
Working groups:
Requirements (REQ); identify cases for services and interoperability requirements.
Architecture (ARCH): design of overall OMA architecture.
Messaging group (MWG): building application enablers for messaging services. Sub-working group MMSG is responsible for design of OMA MMS standard
Mobile Web Services (MWS): responsible for OMA Web Services.
Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009