1. GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6TH SEM.
BY:-
ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGH
SENIOR LECTURER(ECE)
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE FOR GIRLS
LUDHIANA
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

2. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
GSM
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
OPEN DIGITAL CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
USED TO TRANSMIT MOBILE VOICE AND DATA
ORIGINALLY DRIVEN FROM Groupe Special Mobile, THE MOST POPULAR STANDARD FOR MOBILE PHONES IN WORLD
CONSIDERED AS 2ND GENERATION (2G) SYSTEM
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

3. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
FEATURES OF GSM
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR MOBILE SERVICE
OFFERS NUMBER OF SERVICES LIKE VOICE , SMS, FAX , VOICE MAIL AND CALL FORWARDING & CALLER ID
HIGH MOBILITY
HIGHER CAPACITY
WORLDWIDE ROAMING
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

4. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
FREQUENCY BANDS IN GSM
DUAL BAND
TRI BAND
QUAD BAND
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5. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
DUAL BAND
OPERATES ON 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz
MOBILE PHONES SUPPORTING DUAL BAND CAN BE USED IN WORLD WHERE 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz FREQUENCIES ARE USED
FOUND IN ALL CONTINENTS USUALLY i.e. EUROPE ,ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

6. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
TRI BAND
THREE FREQUENCIES ARE SUPPORTED IN TRI BAND
900 MHz
1800 MHz
1900 MHz
ALSO SUPPORTED WORLDWIDE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

7. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
QUAD BAND
FOUR FREQUENCIES SUPPORTED IN QUAD BAND
850 MHz
900 MHz
1800 MHz
1900 MHz
ALSO SUPPORTED WORLD WIDE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

8. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
GSM NETWORK AREAS
CELL
LOCATION AREA
MSC/VLR SERVICE AREA
PLM
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

9. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CELL
BASIC SERVICE AREA COVERED BY ONE BTS
EACH CELL HAS UNIQUE NUMBER KNOWN AS CELL GLOBAL IDENTITY(CGI)
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

10. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
LOCATION AREA
GROUP OF CELLS
AREA THAT IS PAGED WHEN A SUBSCRIBER GETS INCOMING CALL
EACH LOCATION AREA IS PROVIDED A LOCATION AREA IDENTITY (LAI)AND SERVED BY ONE OR MORE BSCs
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

11. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
PLM
AREA COVERED BY ONE
NETWORK OPERATOR
A PLM CONTAINS ONE OR MORE MSCs
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

12. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
GSM ARCHITECTURE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

13. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
GSM NETWORK STAGES
BASE STATION
NETWORK SWITCHING
PUBLIC NETWORK
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

14. MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRE
PERFORMS THE SWITCHING OF CALLS
BETWEEN THE MOBILE AND NETWORK
USERS
MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES SUCH AS AUTHENTICATION
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

15. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
MOBILE STATION
THE MOBILE STATION (MS) CONSISTS OF THE PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT:
THE RADIO TRANSCEIVER
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS
SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (SIM).
THE SIM PROVIDES PERSONAL MOBILITY
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

16. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
SIM
BY INSERTING THE SIM CARD INTO ANOTHER GSM CELLULAR PHONE, THE USER IS ABLE TO RECEIVE CALLS AT THAT PHONE.
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

17. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
SIM
THE SIM CARD CONTAINS THE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI),
THE SIM CARD MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED USE BY A PASSWORD OR PERSONAL IDENTITY NUMBER
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

18. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
BASE STATION SUBSYTEM
BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM IS
COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS:
THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS)
THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC).
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

19. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
BTS
THE BASE TRANSCEIVER
STATION
HANDLES THE
RADIO LINK PROTOCOLS
WITH THE MOBILE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

20. BASE STATION CONTROLLER
THE BSC HANDLES :-
RADIO CHANNEL SETUP
FREQUENCY HOPPING
HANDOVERS
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

21. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
BSC
THE BSC IS THE
CONNECTION
BETWEEN THE
MOBILE AND THE
MOBILE SERVICE
SWITCHING
CENTER
(MSC).
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

22. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

23. MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)
THE CENTRAL COMPONENT OF THE NETWORK SUBSYSTEM .
IT ACTS LIKE A NORMAL SWITCHING NODE OF THE PSTN OR ISDN
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

24. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
ROLE OF MSC
REGISTRATION
AUTHENTICATION
LOCATION UPDATING
HANDOVERS
CALL ROUTING TO A ROAMING SUBSCRIBER
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

25. HOME LOCATION REGISTER HLR
THE HLR CONTAINS ALL THE
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION OF EACH
SUBSCRIBER REGISTERED IN THE
CORRESPONDING GSM NETWORK AND
CURRENT LOCATION OF THE MOBILE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

26. VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER -VLR
VLR CONTAINS SELECTED
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
FROM THE HLR, TO CALL CONTROL
FOR EACH MOBILE LOCATED IN THE
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CONTROLLED
BY THE VLR.
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

27. EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)
FOR AUTHENTICATION AND SECURITY PURPOSES.
(EIR) CONTAINS A LIST OF ALL VALID MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON THE NETWORK
EACH MOBILE STATION IS IDENTIFIED BY ITS INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY (IMEI).
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

28. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
IMEI
AN IMEI IS MARKED AS INVALID IF IT HAS BEEN REPORTED STOLEN OR IS NOT TYPE APPROVED.
THE AUTHENTICATION CENTER IS A PROTECTED DATABASE THAT STORES A COPY OF THE SECRET KEY STORED IN EACH SUBSCRIBER'S SIM CARD, WHICH IS USED FOR AUTHENTICATION
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

29. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CDMA
CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
TO ALLOW MANY USERS TO SHARE
SIMULTANEOUSLY A FINITE AMOUNT
OF RADIO SPECTRUM FOR HIGH
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
WITHOUT DEGRADATION IN
PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

30. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CDMA
THE NARROW BAND MESSAGE SIGNAL IS MULTIPLIED BY A VERY LARGE BANDWIDTH SIGNAL CALLED THE SPREADING SIGNAL
ALL USERS USE THE SAME CARRIER FFREQUENCY AND MAY TRANSMIT SIMULTANEOUSLY
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31. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CDMA SPECTRUM
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

32. CDMA WITH TIME OR FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEX
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33. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
GSM ADVANTAGES
USED WORLDWIDE WITH OVER 500 MILLION SUBSCRIBERS
INTERNATIONAL ROAMING PERMITS TO USE ONE PHONE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
STARTED IN MID – 80s. THUS HAS BECOME MORE STABLE WITH ROBUST FEATURES
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

34. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CDMA ADVANTAGES
INCREASED CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SECURITY
SIMULTANEOUS CONVERSATIONS
INCREASED EFFICIENCY
SMALLER SIZED PHONES
LOW POWER REQUIREMENTS
EXTENDED REACH
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

35. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CDMA DISADVANTAGES
PROPRIETARY NATURE, SO ALL FLAWS NOT KNOWN
RELATIVELY NEW TECHNOLOGY SO LESS MATURE THAN GSM
CANNOT OFFER INTERNATIONAL ROAMING
VOICE QUALITY POOR THAN GSM
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

36. COMPARISON OF CDMA AND GSM
THE GSM HAS UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FIELDS
DATA TRANSFER SPEED
NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ROAMING
SIM
COST FACTOR
VOICE QUALITY
THE CDMA HAS UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FIELDS
SECURED COMMUNICATION
RADIATION LEVEL
BANDWIDTH
POWER CONSUMPTION
AREA COVERAGE
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

37. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
CONCLUSION
IN GENERAL , ONE CAN SAY
THAT BOTH GSM AND CDMA ARE
LATEST AND EQUALLY GOOD
TECHNOLOGIES HAVING BOTH
GOOD AND BAD QUALITIES
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

38. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
FUTURE ASPECTS
IT LOOKS THAT COMBINATION OF GSM AND CDMA WILL BECOME THE LONG SOUGHT EVENT FOR A GLOBAL WIRELESS STANDARD FOR UNIVERSALIZATION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES TO GET COMPLETE COMPATIBILITY BENEFITS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

39. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
MOBILE TRACKING
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

40. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
MOBILE TRACKING
MOBILE PHONE TRACKING REFERS TO THE ATTAINING OF THE CURRENT POSITION OF A MOBILE PHONE, STATIONARY OR MOVING. MOBILE POSITIONING, WHICH INCLUDES LOCATION BASED SERVICE THAT DISCLOSES THE ACTUAL COORDINATES OF A MOBILE PHONE BEARER
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

41. MOBILE TRACKING (contd.)
A TECHNOLOGY USED BY TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY TO APPROXIMATE WHERE MOBILE PHONE IS PRESENT IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

42. MOBILE TRACKING (contd.)
LOCALIZATION MAY OCCUR EITHER VIA MULTILATERATION OR GEOLOCATION OF RADIO SIGNALS BETWEEN (SEVERAL) RADIO TOWERS OF THE NETWORK AND THE PHONE, OR BY GPS.
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

43. MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)
THE TECHNOLOGY OF LOCATING IS BASED ON MEASURING POWER LEVELS AND ANTENNA PATTERNS AND USES THE CONCEPT THAT A MOBILE PHONE ALWAYS COMMUNICATES WIRELESSLY WITH ONE OF THE CLOSEST BASE STATIONS, SO KNOWLEDGE OF THE LOCATION OF THE BASE STATION IMPLIES THE CELL PHONE IS NEARBY.
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

44. MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)
ADVANCED SYSTEMS DETERMINE THE SECTOR IN WHICH THE MOBILE PHONE RESIDES AND ROUGHLY ESTIMATE ALSO THE DISTANCE TO THE BASE STATION. FURTHER APPROXIMATION IS DONE TO LOCATE THE EXACT POSITION OF THE MOBILE .
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

45. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
SUMMARY
GSM ARCHITECTURE
CDMA ARCHITECTURE
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BOTH GSM AND CDMA
COMPARISON OF GSM AND CDMA
FUTURE ASPECTS
MOBILE TRACKING
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)

46. Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)
THANK YOU
Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)