1. What Makes Up a Quality Sanding Abrasive? Vincent Welch 2008

2. What Makes Up a Sanding Abrasive? 3 Main Components Backing Backing Adhesive Adhesive Type of Abrasive Type of Abrasive

3. Abrasive Backings There are many variables!!! There are many variables!!! Paper Paper Cloth Cloth Foam Foam Film Film

4. How Backing is Graded All Abrasive Backing is Graded All Abrasive Backing is Graded The Higher the Letter the Stiffer the Backing. The Higher the Letter the Stiffer the Backing. Grading Scale is A Weight Through Y Weight. Grading Scale is A Weight Through Y Weight. Grade A is Very Thin. Grade A is Very Thin. Graded X is Heaviest and Most Popular for Belt Applications Graded X is Heaviest and Most Popular for Belt Applications

5. Paper Backing Examples Paper (Code) g/m2 App Paper (Code) g/m2 App A < 85 h =Fine Hand Sanding A < 85 h =Fine Hand Sanding B 86 -110 =Hand Sanding B 86 -110 =Hand Sanding C 111 -135 = Hand Sanding Portable C 111 -135 = Hand Sanding Portable D 136 - 220 =Portable Sanding Machines D 136 - 220 =Portable Sanding Machines E 221 - 270 = Machine Sanding Light Wide Belt E 221 - 270 = Machine Sanding Light Wide Belt F 271 – 350= Machine Sanding Segment Belts F 271 – 350= Machine Sanding Segment Belts G 351 - 500 = Machine Sanding Segment Belts G 351 - 500 = Machine Sanding Segment Belts H > 500 = Machine Sanding Segment Belts H > 500 = Machine Sanding Segment Belts

6. Cloth Backings Characteristic Characteristic Cloth Cloth H stretchable H stretchable JJ highly flexible JJ highly flexible J flexible J flexible X stiff / hard X stiff / hard Y polyester hard Y polyester hard Z reinforced weft Z reinforced weft Application Profile sanding Contour, Fine Sanding Contour Sanding High Performance Sanding High Perform Power Sanding For Segmented Wide Belt

7. Cloth Backing Types Cotton Backing Cotton Backing Most popular material used Most popular material used Cotton backed belts run cooler. Cotton backed belts run cooler. Cotton backing will stretch if wet. Cotton backing will stretch if wet.

8. Cloth Backing Types Cotton Polyester Backing Very strong stiff backing. Very strong stiff backing. Cotton Polyester backing generates more heat. Cotton Polyester backing generates more heat. Waterproof for wet applications. Waterproof for wet applications.

9. Cloth Backing Types 100% Polyester Backing The heaviest backing. The heaviest backing. Used in very heavy removal applications Used in very heavy removal applications Most Expensive Most Expensive

10. Cloth Backed Example Premium Green Discs From CS The cloth backing is extremely flexible and guarantees long life and optimum performance under any condition or type of material being sanded. The cloth backing is extremely flexible and guarantees long life and optimum performance under any condition or type of material being sanded.

11. Paper Backed Example Pro-Gold Discs From CS Pro-Gold Discs From CS These super flexible are ideal for light to moderate finish sanding. Not recommended for use on work with voids or natural edges as they may tear. These super flexible are ideal for light to moderate finish sanding. Not recommended for use on work with voids or natural edges as they may tear.

12. Adhesives 2 Main Adhesives What are they??

13. Adhesives 2 Main Adhesives Resin over Resin Resin over Resin Urea (Animal Fat) Urea (Animal Fat)

14. Resin over Resin Very Durable Very Durable Heat Resistant and Moisture Resistant Heat Resistant and Moisture Resistant Best for Woodturning Applications. Best for Woodturning Applications.

15. UREA Paper Application Mostly Sheets Paper Application Mostly Sheets Made of Animal Fat Derived From Animal Hide Made of Animal Fat Derived From Animal Hide Not Recommended for Woodturning Applications Not Recommended for Woodturning Applications

16. Grit Distribution 2 Types Who Can Tell Me 2 Ways Grit Are Distributed?

17. Grit Distribution Open Grit Distribution Open Grit Distribution Closed Grit Distribution Closed Grit Distribution

18. Open Grit Distribution The grits are distributed with a defined The grits are distributed with a defined distance and cover about 50% the surface. distance and cover about 50% the surface.Advantages: Less clogging due to more free space Less clogging due to more free space between the grits. Application: Great for dry sanding on soft and clogging Great for dry sanding on soft and clogging materials (soft wood, filler, paint lacquer)

19. Closed Grit Distribution The grits are distributed adjoining one The grits are distributed adjoining one another COVERING up to 100% of the surface.Advantages: More cutting edges in action, more stock More cutting edges in action, more stock removal, longer life, less scratch depth Application: On Hard, non-clogging materials, On Hard, non-clogging materials, Better for wet sanding Better for wet sanding

20. How are the Grits Spread Out Mechanically through Gravity Mechanically through Gravity Electrostatically Electrostatically

21. Mechanically Through Gravity

22. The grits fall by force of gravity on the The grits fall by force of gravity on the coated backing. The grits lie accidental surface. Mechanically coated abrasives are less Mechanically coated abrasives are lessaggressive. The least expensive, and lowest quality The least expensive, and lowest quality manufacturing process.

23. Electrostatically

24. Electrostatically. The grits become statically charge The grits become statically charge attracted to the oncoming, base coated backing. In the magnetic field the grits adjust In the magnetic field the grits adjust and hit the coated backing vertically in the longitudinal axis. Electrostatically coated abrasives are more Electrostatically coated abrasives are more aggressive and achieve a higher sanding performance than mechanically coated abrasives.

25. Stearate Coating The additional stearate coat reduces The additional stearate coat reduces clogging of the abrasive. It is applied after the size coat. The color can vary different products for products. Abrasives with stearate are used to Abrasives with stearate are used to sand lacquer and resinous wood.

26. Grit Standards World-wide there are 3 different important grit standards World-wide there are 3 different important grit standards The first is CAMI which is the USA standard. The first is CAMI which is the USA standard. The second is FEPA in Europe better known as P standard. Most common used today. The second is FEPA in Europe better known as P standard. Most common used today. FEPA: Federation Européenne des fab FEPA: Federation Européenne des fab = Federation of European maufacturers = Federation of European maufacturers it standards are in use. it standards are in use. The Third is JIS in Japan. The Third is JIS in Japan.

27. Grit Standards FEPA or P Standard in Europe = because many abrasives manufactures are located in Europe and using this standard. FEPA or P Standard in Europe = because many abrasives manufactures are located in Europe and using this standard. FEPA = Federation Européenne des fab FEPA = Federation Européenne des fab = Federation of European maufacturers.

28. Grain Cutting Size

29. A grain number stands for the grit A grain number stands for the grit size. The grain number corresponds to the mesh openings per 1 Inch. 1 Inch = 25.4 mm 1 Inch = 25.4 mm

30. Grain Cutting Size

31. Grain Hardness What scale is used to measure Grain Hardness????? What scale is used to measure Grain Hardness?????

32. Grain Hardness The Mohs scale of hardness measures sequence of hardness!!!! The Mohs scale of hardness measures sequence of hardness!!!!

33. Grain Hardness What is the Hardest Grain on Mohs Scale??????? What is the Hardest Grain on Mohs Scale??????? What is the Softest Grain on Mohs Scale??????? What is the Softest Grain on Mohs Scale???????

34. Grain Hardness Diamonds are the Hardest!! Talcum is the Softest!!!! As the grain becomes harder it also becomes more brittle! As the grain becomes harder it also becomes more brittle!

35. Grain Hardness

36. Abrasives Grains Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Oxide – Brown colored synthetic mineral. Tough abrasive grain. – Applications: Most popular grain for general grinding/sanding and finishing.

37. Abrasives Grains Silicon Carbide Silicon Carbide – Shiny, black, sharp, very hard mineral – Applications: Very tough grain used finishing glass, stone, and ferrous metals, etc…

38. Abrasives Grains Non Worn Silicon Carbide Non Worn Silicon Carbide Worn Silicon Carbide

39. Grain Structure Aluminum Oxide is not as brittle and becomes more rounded as it wears. Aluminum Oxide is not as brittle and becomes more rounded as it wears.

40. Cost Structure 18% = Abrasive Grain 18% = Abrasive Grain 15% = Coatings 15% = Coatings 67% = Backing Cost 67% = Backing Cost 100% = Cost 100% = Cost

41. Finishing Steps

42. Thank you for your Attention!! Questions?? Let take a quick break!