2. Frank Linde (Nikhef) VDL, 15 february 2011 hele kleine deeltjes & hele grote experimenten

3. astronomy particle physics astroparticle physics

5. now abundance of chemical elements Big Bang’s afterglow Big Bang

6. Origin of particle masses? Newton didn’t know – neither do we … How did the Universe look directly after the Big Bang? Observe it! What is the Universe made of? We barely know 4%! Where is all the antimatter? Universe ought to be symmetric!

7. Astroparticle physics Accelerator-based particle physics VIRGO gravitational-wave detector Nikhef research: experiment XENON-1t deep-underground dark matter detector ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope AUGER cosmic ray observatory Experiments @ CERN: ALICE ATLAS LHCb

9. Nikhef = collaboration RuG NIOZ UT LEI TUe ASTRON TUD SRON +

10. natural particle sources astroparticle physics

11. natural source: cosmic rays,

13. AUGER cosmic ray observatory Argentina (pampa amarilla) Challenges: - huge area - wireless - solar power - ns timing - noise

14. ANTARES neutrino telescope Mediterranean Sea (2.5 km deep) Challenges: - size - deep sea - low power - noise - motions - ns timing

15. ANTARES neutrino telescope Mediterranean Sea (2.5 km deep)

16. ANTARES neutrino telescope Mediterranean Sea (2.5 km deep)

17. VIRGO laser interferometer Italy (Cascina near Pisa) Challenges: - signal size - noise

18. VIRGO laser interferometer Italy (Cascina near Pisa)

19. LISA laser interferometer Far away! (launch: 2018)

20. XENON-1t dark matter detector Italy (Gran Sasso near Aquila) Challenges: - background!

21. man-made particle sources accelerators: CERN!

22. PS ISR SPS SppS LEP LHC  CLIC 1989 2009 2025?1981195919711976 CERN Netherlands: ~4.5% 1.9 € per person per year

23. man-made source: accelerator

31. ATLAS detector

34. Future projects LHC upgrades KM3NeT CLIC

35. LHC  2030 Versneller: -onderhoud -magneten -cryogenie Experimenten: -trackers -elektronica

36. ILC/CLIC Versneller: -structuren -supports -uitlijning Experimenten: -nog ver weg (my favorite machine!)

37. ZFEL

38. KM3NeT Diep-zee: -400,000 PMT - 10,000 “bars” -300-400 “towers” Europees project funding nog lastig

42. questions?