1. 1 Jigjiga Health Science College Health Education And communication Abdireshid Dahir (Bsc in PH,MPH ) April, 2024

2. Out line 2 History, concepts, aims and principles of health promotion and health education History and evolution of health promotion and health education Concepts of health promotion and health education Health education in PHC Health education in Ethiopia Basic principles of health education Aims of health education Contribution of social sciences to health promotion

3. Session Objectives 3 At the end of this session students will be able to;  provide health counseling and health education in a professional manner in a teaching and learning process.

4. Defining Health 4  Different people may give different definition of health based on their circumstances What does ‘being healthy’ mean to you? Reflect !

5. Defining Health 5 It is a broad concept and experience. Its boundary extends beyond the "sick". It depends on: 1) The perception of individuals 2) The threshold - e.g. pain 3) the ability to recognize symptoms and signs

6. Defining Health 6 Lay definition To the general public(lay definition) define health as, being healthy may mean, simply “ not being ill” This implies that health means strength and robustness and having reserves

7. Holistic concept of health 7 Over half a century ago in 1948 WHO defined health as ‘ a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ He/She may also be physically able to do any amount of work, but he may be having some minor dysfunction or deficiency

8. Aspects of health 8 Physical health: concerned with the mechanistic function of health Physical fitness is good bodily health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery.exercisedietnutrition rest

9. Aspects of health 9 Mental health: the ability to think clearly and coherently Merriam-Webster defines mental health as "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life." Merriam-Webster

10. Aspects of health 10 Emotional health: the ability to recognize emotions such as fear, joy, grief and anger and to express such emotions appropriately (coping with stress, tension, depression and anxiety)

11. Aspects of health 11 Spiritual health: Spirituality is unique to each individual. It is that innermost part of you that allows you to gain strength and hope. Spiritual wellness may not be something that you think much of, yet its impact on your life is unavoidable.

12. Aspects of health 12 Social health: the ability to make and maintain relationship with other people An individual’s health is inextricably related to everything surrounding the person Individuals affect and affected by health of the society

13. Aspects of health 13 Encompassing your emotional, social, and—most importantly—your mental well-being; All these aspects—emotional, physical, and social—must function together to achieve overall health.

14. Aspects of health 14 Quality of life that has dimensions and is being influenced by many factors interdependent and inter- related each other

15. Rationale for health education 15 1.Continued existence and spread of communicable diseases that need community involvement. E.g., HIV/AIDS prevention and control 2. Increasing threats to the young from new and harmful behaviors. E.g., substance abuse 3. Health education is the only practical option for some diseases e. g., HIV/AIDS

16. Rationale for health education 16 4. The cost of health care is rising 5. The tendency of increasing magnitude of chronic conditions (diseases) that require cooperation of individuals 6. Increased awareness of people on chronic health problems and the need to know preventive actions

17. Rationale for health education 17 Health Education and PHC One of the elements of PHC Cross cutting issue in the other elements

18. Rationale for health education 18  It is the Recommendation Part of Most Public Health Researchers and Findings  ……..Awareness raising is needed…..  …….Health education is needed….  …….health information is needed…

19. Definition of health Education 19  As there are multiple definitions of health, there are also multiple definitions of Health Educationhealth  H/E "comprises of consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health” (WHO)

20. Definition... 20 Health education is any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions conducive to health (Green, 1991)

21. Health promotion and health education 21 Many people use them interchangeably Health promotion is broader than health education Health education is an essential part of health promotion

22. Health education and health promotion 22 Health promotion is the combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to health In this definition: Combination refers to the importance of matching the multiple determinants of health with multiple interventions or sources of support Educational refers to health education

23. health promotion… 23 "Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.

24. Basic Principles of HE 24 1. Need based

25. Principles of HE 25 2.HE should not become an artificial situation. 3. It is necessary to discuss freely on the health problems and the solution

26. Principles of HE 26 4. Patients should be made to appreciate the objective of treatment for diseases. 5.There should be a free flow of communication. 6.The health educator has to make himself acceptable.

27. Principles of HE 27 7. The health educator should not only have correct information with him on all matters that he has to discuss but also should himself practice what he professes.

28. Principles of HE 28 8. The health educator has to adjust his talk and action to suit the group for whom he has to give HE. 9. A health educator has to employ all possible methods of education. 10. The health educator should as far as possible make every effort to reason out and rationalize, so that the client is able to internalize the relevant ideas.

29. Principles of HE 29 11. A well planned and organized program is necessary. 12. The use of audio-Visual aids for support and reinforcement is of particular significance in HE

30. 30 “if I hear, I forget; if I see, I remember; if I do, I know” HE should be specific and relevant to the problems and the available solution.

31. Principles of HE 31 14. Health education is given based on scientific finding and current knowledge. 15. Health education is the responsibility of the whole community. 16. A differentiated and targeted approach in health education.

32. Principles of HE 32 17. The health educator should use terms which can be clear and understandable. 20. HE should start from the existing culture and gradually try at change of habit and practices.  Moreover, the HE effort should aim at small changes in a graded fashion and not be too ambitious.

33. Aims of Health Education 33 The aims or fundamental objectives of health education are  To help each individual, each family to exercise their right  To achieve the harmonious development of their physical, mental and social potential.  To Promote health, prevent illnesses and minimize avoidable deaths.

34. 34 THANK YOU!!!