1. Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Building Construction: Low Strength masonry-NBC 203 Training on Nepal National Building Code 1 Er. Debendra Dev Khanal (M.Sc. In Structural Engineering) Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

2. Objective of this Document This guideline is prepared in order to raise the seismic safety of low-strength masonry buildings. This is intended to be implemented by the owner/builder with some assistance from the technicians. This could also act as a basic guideline for architectural design and construction detailing of Low Strength Masonry (LSM) buildings. 2 Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

3. Applicability The recommendations set forth in this standard shall be mandatory for all types of LSM residential buildings to be built throughout Nepal. Other occupancy types of LSM buildings shall be designed by competent professional engineers. 3 Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

4. Limitations LSM buildings required to conform to this standard shall not exceed two stories in height with an additional attic floor. 4 Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

5. General Requirements for Earthquake Resistance Construction Proper Site Selection Appropriate Planning Good Foundation Resting on a Firm Base Creating a Box Effect Vertical reinforcement Horizontal bands well-connected to the vertical reinforcements and embedded in masonry Diagonal bracing (horizontal and vertical) Lateral restraints Better Bonding between Masonry Units Controlled Size and Location of Openings Light Construction 5 Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

6. 6 Materials Boulder Stones Quarry stone Dressed Stones Stabilized Soil Block Brick Mud Mortar Bamboo Timber Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

7. 7 Selection and Investigation of the Site Site Investigation Requirements Site exploration shall be carried out by digging test pits, two as a minimum, and more if the subsurface soil condition shows a significant variation in soil type. Generally, the minimum depth of exploration for a building covered by this Guideline shall be 2 m. In hilly areas, exploration up to the depth of sound bed-rock, if it lies shallower than 2 m, should suffice. No exploration shall be required if the site is located on rock or on fluvial terraces (Tar) with boulder beds. Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal

8. Thank you 8 Presented By: Debendra Dev Khanal