1. Drame Reproductive systems Female

2. the SKENE'S GLAND is also known as the LESSER VESTIBULAR GLANDS, PERIURETHRAL GLANDS, PARAURETHRAL GLANDS, U- SPOT BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS (also called GREATER VESTIBULAR GLANDS) are vagina glands located slightly below and to the LEFT & RIGHT of the PERINEAL POUCH

3. 2 corpus cavernosa of clitoris attached to ischiopubic ramus and its function is to make the clitoris erect during sexual arousal.

5. External genitalia consists of: mons of pubic labia majora (right and left) labia minora clitoris vestibule of vagina

6. The internal genitalia of both females and males include: Female: The vagina, uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries Male: The testes, epididymis, and vas deferens

8. The bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbocavernosus) muscle under which we can find the bulb of vestibule that posteriorly overlap the greater vestibular gland

10. The bulbar commissure is a narrow median band that connects the bulb of the vestibule in front of the urethra. The bulb of the vestibule, also known as the vaginal bulb or clitoral bulb, is two elongated masses of erectile tissue that sit on either side of the vaginal opening.

12. the greater vestibular gland is located at the superficial perineal space, but in male the bulbourethral gland is located in deep perineal space

17. uterian artery gives some branches which reach to ovary by meso ovarian veins drain to the pampiniform plexus which condenses in a single ovarian vein near the pelvic inlet, this vein ascends with the posterior wall of abdomen and drains to IVC on right side and renal vein on left side

18. lymph of ovary communicates with Lymph from uterian tube and fundus of uterus, they descend along ovarian vessels, then drain to lateral aortic and preaortic LN

19. the body has fundus and 2 surfaces (anterior or vesical, posterior or intestinal), and 2 lateral borders the anterior surface is flat, covered by peritoneum, and forms the posterior superior wall of vesicouterine pouch the posterior surface (intestinal surface) is covered by peritoneum and forms the anterior wall of rectouterine pouch (douglas)

21. the round ligament of uterus attaches the uterus to the lateral walls and goes through the deep ring round ligament of uterus originates at the uterine horns (point at which fallopian tube enters the uterus) and attaches to the labia majora

22. there's a peritoneal tissue connecting the lateral borders of uterus to the lateral pelvic walls called broad ligament of uterus uterine tube makes the upper border of broad ligament the ovary is located posterior to broad ligament (they cannot be seen from anterior view) There are a number of ligamentous structures that attach to the uterus. They can be divided by where they attach to the uterus: Superior aspect – supported by the broad ligament and the round ligaments. Middle aspect – supported by the cardinal, pubocervical and uterosacral ligaments. Other Ligaments Round ligament of the uterus Transverse cervical/cardinal ligaments Pubocervical ligaments Sacrocervical ligaments

23. we can divide the cervix into: supravaginal part, related anteriorly to the bladder and posteriorly to douglas pouch vaginal part, projects into anterior wall of vagina, then 4 spaces appear (posterior and anterior fornix, 2 lateral fornix) The fornix is a circular trough at the top of the vagina, formed by the protrusion of the cervix into the vaginal vault. The fornix has four fornices: Posterior fornix: The larger recess behind the cervix, close to the recto-uterine pouch Anterior fornix: The smaller recess close to the vesico-uterine pouch Two lateral fornices: The smaller recesses in front and at the sides

25. uterus is supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic through inferior hypogastric and ovarian plexus sympathetic nerves arise from T10 --> L2 (hypogastric plexus) parasympathetic nerves arise from S2, S3 and S4 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves from branches of the inferior hypogastric plexuses (Mixed).

26. secondary supporters: peritoneum (broad ligament, uterovesical fold, rectovaginal fold) pubocervical ligament connects the cervix to the posterior surface of pubis bone, it corresponds to the medial and lateral puboprostatic ligament in male transverse cervical ligament (cardinal lig, paracervical ligament), connect lateral aspect of cervix and upper wall of vagina to lateral pelvic wall

27. Lymph: upper 1/3 drains to external iliac LN middle 1/3 drains to internal iliac LN lower 1/3 drains to medial group of superficial inguinal LN

28. Which 2 arteries are terminal branches of the internal iliac artery? 1. inferior gluteal artery 2. internal pudendal Artery The internal iliac artery branches into A.______, which supply the organs of the pelvis, and B.______ arteries, which supply the parietal body wall of the pelvis A. visceral branches; B. parietal branches

29. lower 1/3 is pain sensitive and supplied by pudendal nerve through inferior rectal and posterior labial of perineal nerve upper 2/3 are pain insensitive and supplied by sympathetic L1 L2 and parasympathetic S2 S3 from hypogastric and uterovaginal plexus

30. Where do the lymphatics from the lower third of the vagina drain? Superficial inguinal nodes What name is given to the highest of the deep inguinal lymph nodes located in the lateral part of the femoral ring? Cloquet node What are the routes of lymphatic drainage from the fundus of the uterus? main - to lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes, but some vessels pass to external iliac lymph nodes also - some run along round ligament of the uterus to the superficial inguinal nodes

31. Para-aortic lymph nodes, also known as lumbar aortic nodes, are part of the retroperitoneal nodes. They are located anterior to the left lumbar trunk and above and below the left renal vein. The para-aortic group drains the iliac nodes, the ovaries, the testes, and other pelvic organs. Para-aortic nodes drain lymph from the kidneys, suprarenal glands, testes, ovaries, uterus, and uterine tubes. The left para-aortic (left lumbar) lymph nodes communicate with the common iliac nodes and drain into the thoracic duct.