2. Nailing is a strong, easy method of joining timber. Nails have a head, shank and point. __________ Head Shank Point Length Most nails are made from ……………………….. wire. They maybe ……………………….. or cadmium coated for protection from ……………………….. when used outdoors. For special purposes, such as boat building, they maybe made from ……………………….. steel, copper, brass silicon, bronze or nickel copper alloy. mild steelgalvanised corrosion stainless

3. The following are drawings of common types of nails used in the cabinet making / building construction industries.

4. NAILUSE Bullet head Panel Pin Flat head Veneer Pin Upholstery Pin Escutcheon Pin Wiggle Nail General building construction and joinery where larger sections of timber are to be joined Fine joinery and cabinet making For nailing thin timber or sheeting where a greater surface area of head is required so that it will not pull through the sheet To hold veneer in position while setting out, gluing or cutting. Also used to fix small mouldings. For fixing upholstery materials to timber frames For fixing small ornamental plates and other fixtures such as ornamental handles, key plates, etc. Used to strengthen edge to edge joints in cheap construction such as packing cases, framing joints, etc.

5. Staggering Skew Nailing Clinching

6. Parallel nailing – nails are driven ……………………….. to each other and to the edge of the timber. Skew nailing – is a ……………………….. method of nailing where nails are driven at ……………………….. to each other. Staggering – nailing in a ……………………….. pattern to avoid ……………………….. of the timber. Clenching – ……………………….. the nail along the grain where the nail is too long and protrudes from the ……………………….. of the timber Splitting of timber can occur when nailing ……………………….. to the end of a board. Splitting can be prevented by ……………………….. the point of the nail. This gives a punching rather than a ……………………….. effect. Nails and nail punches are driven with a ……………………….. hammer, however, smaller nails and panel pins are driven with a ……………………….. hammer. Nails are removed with the claw of a claw hammer or with ………………………... parallel stronger angles diagonal splitting bending back close blunting wedging claw warrington pincers

7. The Length of Nails The ……………………….. power of the nail is dependent upon several factors, such as the ……………………….. of timber being nailed, the type of ……………………….. used, the ……………………….. of nailing and the ……………………….. of the nail. Nails hold better when driven ……………………….. the grain than along the grain (into end grain). For across grain nailing the length should be approx. ……………………….. the thickness of the top member and when nailing into end grain, ……………………….. the thickness Nails are sold based on; Weight – ………………………..………………………………………………... Length –………………………..………………………………………………... Thickness –………………………..………………………………………………... Shape of head –………………………..………………………………………………... Finish –………………………..………………………………………………... For example, ………………………..……………………………………………….. holding type nail methodlength across 2 ½ times 3 to 3 ½ times 500g, 2kg, etc. 25mm, 65mm, etc. 1.25mm, 3.15mm, etc. bullet head, flat head, etc. galvanised, zinc coated, etc. 2kg, 40x1.6mm, flat head nails, galvanised