2. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Do Now (5 min): 1.Simple covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points because they have strong/weak intermolecular forces between molecules so more/less energy is needed to break these. 2.Complete the word equation for rusting: Iron + oxygen  3.When can ionic compounds conduct electricity? 4.In an experiment the independent variable is the thing that you… 5.A coloured compound travels 5 cm and the solvent travels 7 cm. Calculate the R f value. Challenge: Draw the intermolecular forces between oxygen molecules.

3. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Do Now - Answers (5 min): 1.They have weak intermolecular forces between molecules so less energy is needed to break these. 2.Iron + oxygen  iron oxide 3.When molten, or when in aqueous solution. 4.Change 5.Rf = distance travelled by coloured compound distance travelled by solvent = 5 7 = 0.7 Challenge:

4. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 40% Describe the properties of giant covalent structures. 50% Explain the properties of giant covalent structures. 60% Compare the properties of simple and giant covalent structures.

5. simple covalent molecules

6. giant covalent structures

8. diamond Strong bonds

9. diamond does not conduct electricity

10. graphite Strong bonds

11. graphite Weak forces

12. graphite conducts electricity

13. silicon dioxide does not conduct electricity

14. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Define giant covalent lattice.Repeating structures of many non-metal atoms all covalently bonded throughout State why graphite can conduct electricity. For every carbon atom there is an electron that is free to move. Describe the solubility in water of giant covalent structures. Giant covalent structures are insoluble in water. Explain why the melting and boiling points of giant covalent structures are high. They have many strong covalent bonds throughout the entire structure. Give three examples of giant covalent structures. Diamond Graphite Silicon dioxide How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in graphite? Three other carbon atoms. How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in diamond? Four other carbon atoms.

15. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Define giant covalent lattice.Repeating structures of many non-metal atoms all covalently bonded throughout State why graphite can conduct electricity. For every carbon atom there is an electron that is free to move. Describe the solubility in water of giant covalent structures. Giant covalent structures are insoluble in water. Explain why the melting and boiling points of giant covalent structures are high. They have many strong covalent bonds throughout the entire structure. Give three examples of giant covalent structures. Diamond Graphite Silicon dioxide How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in graphite? Three other carbon atoms. How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in diamond? Four other carbon atoms. Look, cover, write, check

16. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Define giant covalent lattice.Repeating structures of many non-metal atoms all covalently bonded throughout State why graphite can conduct electricity. For every carbon atom there is an electron that is free to move. Describe the solubility in water of giant covalent structures. Giant covalent structures are insoluble in water. Explain why the melting and boiling points of giant covalent structures are high. They have many strong covalent bonds throughout the entire structure. Give three examples of giant covalent structures. Diamond Graphite Silicon dioxide How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in graphite? Three other carbon atoms. How many atoms is each carbon bonded to in diamond? Four other carbon atoms. 2 minutes of quizzing!

17. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Recall Quiz: (5 mins) 1.What is a giant covalent lattice? 2.Give three examples of giant covalent lattices 3.Which of thee examples above are made from carbon? 4.What state are giant covalent lattices at room temperature? 5.Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points?

18. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Recall Quiz Answers: (5 mins) 1.What is a giant covalent structure? Infinite structures of many non-metal atoms all covalently bonded throughout 2.Give three examples of giant covalent structure. Diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide 3.Which of the examples above are made from carbon? Diamond, graphite 4.What state are giant covalent lattices at room temperature? Solid 5.Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points? They have many strong covalent bonds through the entire lattice holding the atoms together.

19. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Application Task Complete a summary table describing covalent molecules.

20. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Application Task Answers Describe the properties. Describe the structures. Link their structures and properties. Diamond Very hard High melting/ boiling point Does not conduct electricity Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms in a lattice structure Hard because all atoms joined by strong covalent bonds High melting/boiling points because lots of energy needed to break those bonds No free electrons to carry a charge and therefore cannot conduct electricity

21. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Application Task Answers Describe the properties. Describe the structures. Link their structures and properties. Graphite Softer than diamond and slippery Conducts electricity Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 other atoms. Each carbon atom has 1 free electron. The carbon atoms form a lattice arranged in layers Softer and slippery because the layers can slide over each other. This is because the (intermolecular) forces between the layers are weak Conducts electricity due to free electrons that can carry a charge

22. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Application Task Answers Describe the properties. Describe the structures. Link their structures and properties. Silicon dioxide Very hard High melting and boiling point Does not conduct electricity Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to 4 oxygen atoms to form a giant lattice. Hard because all atoms joined by strong covalent bonds High melting/boiling points because lots of energy needed to break those bonds No free electrons to carry a charge and therefore cannot conduct electricity

23. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Well done for your hard work so far! If you have been working on this lesson for an hour already – stop here. Tasks beyond this point are for further practice and are optional.

24. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Extension task 1.This question is about structure and bonding. a)Figure 1 shows part of the structure and bonding in diamond. Explain why diamond has a high melting point. [3 marks] b) Figure 2 shows part of the structure and bonding in sodium chloride (NaCl). Explain the conditions needed for sodium chloride to conduct electricity. [3 marks]

25. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Extension task 2.Diamonds are often used as abrasives. This is because they are very hard. Explain why. A good answer will include information on the structure and bonding in diamonds. [3 marks]

26. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Extension task 3.Graphite and diamond are different forms of the element carbon. Graphite and diamond have different properties. The structures of graphite and diamond are shown on the right. a)Explain why graphite is softer than diamond. [4 marks] b)Explain why graphite conducts electricity, but diamond does not. [3 marks]

27. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Extension task - answers 1.(a) strong covalent bonds giant lattice structure lots of energy needed to break / overcome (b) dissolved (in water) or aqueous molten / liquid so ions are mobile or free moving

28. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Q2. any three from: giant structure / lattice / macromolecule covalent (bonds) bonds are (very) strong bonds difficult to break takes a lot of energy to break bonds each atom / carbon joined to four others

29. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Q3.(a) the layers (of carbon atoms) in graphite can move / slide this is because there are only weak intermolecular forces however, in diamond, each carbon atom is (strongly / covalently) bonded to 4 others so no carbon / atoms able to move / slide (b) because graphite has free electrons which can carry charge / current or move through the structure however, diamond has no free electrons

30. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Exit ticket: 1.Which giant covalent structure can conduct electricity? 2.Which giant covalent structure is very hard? 3.Which giant covalent structure has carbon atoms arranged in layers? 4.Which giant covalent structure is made of silicon atoms? 5.What word do we use to describe a substances which are made of the same atom but the atoms are arranged differently?

31. Key terms: Intermolecular force, carbon, diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide, delocalised electrons Giant Covalent Structures LO: Explain the properties of giant covalent structures Wednesday, 27 September 2023 Exit ticket Answers: 1.Graphite 2.Diamond 3.Graphite 4.Silicon dioxide/silica 5.Isomers