1. A.P. World History 1.1 Developments In East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450 2023 - 2024

2.  4.A [Continuity and change] Identify and describe an historical context for a specific historical development or process  1.4 [Causation] Identify and describe an historical concept, development, or process Objectives  Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time.  Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time.  Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time. Essential Questions  How did developments in China and the rest of EastAsia between c. 1200 and c. 1450 reflect continuity, innovation, and diversity?

3. Chinese Woodblock Printing 1.1 Developments In East Asia c. 1200 – c. 1450

4. A.P. World History Unit 1: Developments In East Asia

5. 1.1 - Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450

6. Leading up to 1200 - Culture ●China is geographically isolated ○What are the cultural implications of this? ●Chinese philosophy generally accepts that there is a basic harmony of nature and that humans and society need to live in this balance. ○IE - Hot/Cold, Dark/Light, Male/Female ●Religion’s believed in god/gods but didn’t focus on them ○Instead stressed harmonious earthly life ○Big 4: Buddhism, Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism, ●Confucianism has the most influence ○Confucianism is built around relationships and obedience to superiors -5 relationships

8. Leading up to 1200 - Social Structure ●Society is Patriarchal ○Reflected Confucian principles, filial piety ○Classics of Filial Piety and Lessons for Women ○Women were 2nd class people ○Mean People ■People without meaning in life - artists, performers, merchants

9. Leading up to 1200 - Political Structure ●Strong Centralized Bureaucracy becomes the norm ○Begins with Qin and Han Dynasties during BCE ●Mandate of Heaven is how rulers claim legitimacy ●Nearly every dynasty starting with the Han leading up to 1200 utilized civil service exams for aspiring government officials ○Test based on Confucian curriculum ■Why is Confucianism an ideal religion governments would like? ■Theoretically, what part of society do Chinese government officials come from then?

10. Leading up to 1200 - Buddhism ● Starts in India ● Buddhist teachings can be summed up by 4 key beliefs ● Called the 4 Noble Truths ● All life is suffering ● Suffering caused by attachment and desires ● Removing them removes suffering ● This may be done through the eightfold path ● Right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration ● Buddhism became very important in dynasties leading up to 900 CE

12. Chinese Philosophers Readings Examples Analects. Confucius (trans. Edward Slingerland) The Daodejing. by Laozi. Zhuangzi. by Zhuangzi (aka Chuang Tzu) Mengzi: With Selections from Traditional Commentaries. by Mengzi. Xunzi: The Complete Text.

13. The Song Dynasty: 960-1279 ●Expanded meritocracy and number of gov’t workers. Gave favor to civil servants and paid really well in exchange for loyalty ○Civil Service exam becomes even more important ●Confucian Scholar-bureaucrats starting under the Tang and continuing under the Song convinced emperors that Buddhist monasteries were a threat ○Confucian scholar-gentry supplanted Buddhists as the major producers of art and literature ●Improved agricultural production results in surging economy ○Caused by innovation: Champa Rice, Iron Plows, Use of Draft Animals, and fertilizer ○Results in more technological innovations ■Why? ■Made Porcelain and Iron Production better, invented printing, gunpowder, flying money, and naval technologies such as the compass

14. Chinese Population Surge  Helped by: More Agricultural output Grand Canal  Caused: Urbanization Increased Patriarchy

15. Foot Binding - Patriarchy becomes more ingrained  Link Link

17. Collapse of the Song Dynasty in 1279  2 Main Song Weaknesses Size of Bureaucracy heavily drained economy Civil service leadership of military  Jurchen conquer northern China, force Song dynasty to Hangzhou in southern China (Southern Song)  The Southern Song are conquered by the Mongols in 1279