1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS

2. Perspectives in Communication  Perspectives are ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking.  These sometimes affect our communication.  For example, if you have a fixed idea that your teacher or father is strict, even when they are being friendly, you may think they are scolding you even though they are polite.  In the same way, others may also have fixed ideas about you, which affect whatever you say to them.

3. Factors affecting perspectives in Communication-:  Visual perception-:  Visual perception is the brain’s ability to make sense of what we see through our eyes.  Language-:  In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar language and lack of detail, language can act as a barrier to communicate.  Past experience-:  Letting our earlier experience stop us from understanding or communicating clearly.  Prejudices-:  Fixed ideas, such as thinking “No one in my class likes me” may stop a student from communicating openly in the class.  Feelings-:lack of interest or not trusting the other person  Environment-:Noise or disturbance in the surroundings

4. Writing skills related to the following:  Writing skills are an important part of communication.  Phrases-:  A phrase is a word that form a unit within a sentence but is incomplete independently. A phrase lacks both the subject and the object.

5. Type of Phrases-: ​  1. A noun phrase acts like a noun in a sentence.  Example:  I like to swing the bat hard when I am at the crease. (An object)  Reading novels is a good habit. (A subject)  2. An adjective phrase is Bullet around an adjective and consists of objective and or articles.  ​ Example:  The horse runs at a good speed.  I was in a hurry then.

6. Type of Phrases-: ​  3. A verb phrase is a group of man verbs and helping verbs with in a sentence. Example-:This jewellery may be worth millions of rupes!  4. An adverbial face is built around an adverb by adding words before or after it. Example-: we strolled thoughts the Gardens very slowly.( adverbial fees very slowly) ​  5. A prepositional phrase always begins with a preposition and is followed by a noun. Example:  He sacrificed his life for the sake of his country.  He is on the way.

7. Sentences-:  A group of words that makes complete sense is called a sentence. The sentence must contain the subject and a predicate.  Kinds of sentence-: There are four kinds of sentences: Assertive or declarative sentence or Statement - I am your friend. Interrogative sentence (a Question) -Where is your bag? Imperative sentence (a Command/Request) -Please leave your footwear outside. Exclamatory sentence (an Exclamation) - wow, I really love this dress!

8. Parts of a sentence-:  NOUN - (Naming word)-: Daniel, London, table, dog  PRONOUN - (Replaces a Noun)-: I, you, we, they, he, she, it, me  ADJECTIVE - (Describing word)-: big, happy, green, young, fun, crazy.  VERB - (Action Word)-: go, speak, run, eat, play, live  ADVERB - (Describes a verb)-: slowly, quietly, very, always, never  PREPOSITION - (Shows relationship)-: at, on, in, from, with, near, between  CONJUNCTION - (Joining word)-: and, or, but, because, so, yet, unless, since  INTERJECTION - (Expressive word)-: Ouch! Wow! Great! Help! Oh! Hey! Hi!

9. Articles-:  English has two articles:  1. The definite article  2. A/An. indefinite article When to use The-:  Use the before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific.  "The teacher I spoke to at the school was very friendly.“ When to use A/An-:  When we are referring to any member of a group we use a/an. It is not important which one we are talking about.  "I want to buy a new car."

10. Articles-:  A and The are not used with...  Plural Nouns-:"Boys like soccer."  Uncountable Nouns-:"Pollution is a problem." Real Nouns-:  Don't use articles with real nouns i.e. the names of people or places. We DO NOT say: "I want to visit the Spain." ​

11. Paragraph Writing -:  is a fundamental unit of composition.  paragraph is essentially a collection of sentences that relate to one Central topic.  Rules for writing a paragraph-:  Give the paragraph uniformity  Give the paragraph short  Use topic sentences  Leave out unnecessary details  End the paragraph with a concluding sentence

12. Paragraph Writing -:  A paragraph is usually judged on the following criteria: 1. Introduction( including title) 2. Support/ explain This is further the divided into- Content Expression( fluency, grammar and spelling) Sequencing  3. Conclusion