1. Radiographic techniques

2. Type of intra oral x-ray 1. I O P A view 2. Occlusal view 3. Bite wing

3. Principles of Image Formation Also known as shadow casting Basic objective is to direct radiation toward client’s face so that radiation passes horizontally & vertically through the tissues to be examined & to the film at the most favorable angle with minimal distortion of the resulting image.

4. Principles of Image Formation Ideal results: – Sharp image – Image of the true shape and size of the object being radiographed

5. Part of film

7. 2 basic techniques 1. Paralleling technique 2. Bisecting angle technique

8. Paralleling Technique Technique of choice due to image accuracy Implication of name Developed 1920 Requires use of long target-film- distance – 16” PID( position indicating device)

9. Principles of the Paralleling Technique Film placed parallel to long axis of teeth Beam directed perpendicular to film & long axis of teeth Film holder used to keep film flat & unbent

11. Principles of the Paralleling Technique

12. Advantage Accuracy: Main advantage is to produce the radiographic image without distortion. Simplicity: Technique is simple and easy to use. Duplication: Can be accurately duplicated.

13. Disadvantage Film placement- Difficulty in child patients and patient with small mouth and shallow palate. Discomfort-Film holding device may impinge on oral tissue & cause discomfort to patient.

14. Bisecting angle technique

15. Principle of bisecting angle technique Film must be placed along the lingual surface of tooth At the point where the tooth contact to the film, the plane of film and the long axis of the tooth form an angle. The radiographer should visualize an imaginary bisector.

16. X-ray beam should pass perpendicular to that bisector.

18. Advantage Can be used without film holder Decreased exposure time

19. Disadvantage Image distortion Angulations problem Unnecessary exposure- as patient need to stabilize the film with the finger.

20. Anther special technique is- Parallax /SLOB technique