1. INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL TRIBAL UNIVERSITY AMARKANTAK, MADHYA PRADESH PROJECT ON:- BUNDELKHAND CRATON SUBMITTED TO – DR. MERAJ ALAM (DEPT. OF GEOLOGY) SUBMITTED BY :- HIMANSHU, JEEBANJYOTI, MD. NAFIZ, NAKUL

2. BUNDELKHAND CRATON Points on discussion:- *Background of craton *Geology of area (map & other) *Stratification succession *Rocks *Tectonic significance *Economic significance

4. What is a CRATON? >>>BACKGROUND OF CRATON<<< Craton ;the stable interior portion of a continent characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement rock. Cratons are characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock. They have a thick crust and deep lithospheric roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometres into Earth’s mantle. Stable continental crust is an end product of intense magmatic, tectonic, and metamorphic reworking; hence, cratons consist of polydeformed and metamorphosed crystalline and metamorphic rocks (e.g., typically “granite-greenstone terrains” in the most ancient cratons).

5. *India have divided into three zones ;- 1Extra-peninsular india 2 Indo-gangetic plain & 3 peninsular india *Among three; Peninsular India comprises five cratonic blocks ( Dharwar, Singhbhum, Bastar, Bundelkhand and Aravalli) bordered by mobile belts (Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, Southern Granulite Terrain and Central Indian Tectonic Zone)

6. BUNDELKHAND CRATON Bundelkhand craton named for the fifteenth century kingdom of Bundelkhand is a triangular region having semi- circular sides and Bundelkhand Craton is one of the Archean cratons in the Indian shield.. Bundelkhand Craton is one of the Archean cratons in the Indian shield. It is exposed over 26,000 sq. Km and is bound by the Son Narmada lineament in the south, the Great Boundary Fault & aravali craton in the west, and probably the Lesser Himalaya in the north as well as the northern part is overlain by the Indo-Gangetic alluvium It located between lat. 240 30’ N and 260 30’ N and long. 770 30’ E and 810 50’E

8. Geology of the area, map & other highlights:- This study presents petrological and geochemical data on Neoarchean granitoids from the northern and central parts of the Bundelkhand Craton to discuss its crustal evolution and tectonic history. The study deals with two granitoid suites, i.e. Tonalites– trondhjemites–granodiorites (TTG) and sanukitoids. TTGs are characterized by high SiO2, Na2O and mostly low to moderate Mg#. The sanukitoid samples show relatively low SiO2, high K2O (2.1–4.6 wt%), Pb, Sr and Ba, and moderate to low Mg#, Cr, Ni. Age of the TTG gneisses reported from the Bundelkhand craton range is from 3.59 to 2.66 Ga.

9. Mainly this craton associated with some major Rock types, various structures& shear zones. They known for granite gneiss, quratz reefs along NE-SW trending & presence of shear zones.

13. Rocks of bundelkhand craton and tectonic significance  The archean bundelkhand granite with supracrustal enclaves covers the entire craton. The main components of the craton are the following :- i. Enclave suite of supracrustal rocks with in orthognisses. ii.Bundelkhand granite with associated quartz reefs and rare felsic volcanics. iii.Mafic dyke swarms.

14. Supracrustal & Gneisses Supracrustals - Two prominent E-W trending belts of enclaves are notified a)Northern belt extending from Karera to Kabrai, through Babina,Kuraicha,Jhansi,Mauranipur and Mahoba. b)Southern belt from Madaura to Baraitha through Girar.  These belts have a regional trend of E-W with northely dips.

15.  The encalve consist essentially of BIF with amphibolites,ultra- mafics and minor Quartzite,Meatpelites and Marble.  The ultra-mafics are mainly peridotites,Dunites,Pyroxenites and Gabbros closely associated with meta basic rocks and BIF.  Banded Iron Formation is the most conspicuous in the enclave suite and is widespread around Girar and Baraitha.  Carbonate rocks and Quartzites also occur as scattered lens and bands.  Metapelites are rather rare, and when present consist of Garnet,Biotite and Sillimanite.

16. Gneisses  Gray and pink banded (stromatic) to streaky in gneisses occur as silvers rafts and narrow belt with in vast areas of younger bundelkhand Granites.  A basic enclave in the gneisses at Mahoba also gave an age of 3250Ma.  The oldest Gneissic components ; Kuraicha 3.29 Ga.  The youngest Gneissic components ; Panchawara 2.5 Ga.

17. Bundelkhand Granite associated with Quartz reefs and rare felsic volcanic  The vast country of Bundelkhand Granite represents a large plutonic complex of batholithic dimension.  Three type Granite ; i.Coarse grained porphyritic granite. ii.Medium grained porphyritic granite. Leucogranite. Felsic volcanic rocks : These rocks are associated with the granites at many places such as Mahoba,bansi,and simra near prithipur they occur as grey to pink,fine to coarse grained and porphyritic felsic rocks.

18. Quartz Reefs  The emplacement of NE-SW trending giant quartz reefs along brittle shear zones probably marks the end stage hydrothermal activity related to granitic plutonism.

19. Mafic dyke swarms  A NW-SE trending swarm of mafic dyke is a characteristics feature of Bundelkhand craton some of dykes have ENE trend.

20.  Bundelkhand craton witnessed N-S compression induced deformation,metamorphism and emplacement of TTG gneisses produced by the partial melting of a garnet amphibolite parental at 3000-3300 Ma. Widespread collision related arc magmatism represented by bundelkhand granite commenced probably at 2700 Ma and culminated at 2500 Ma. Shear zone in Bundelkhand craton :-  The region is characterized by the presence of dominantly 3 types of shear zones : E-W,NE-SW and NW-SE. TECTONIC EVOLUTION