1. ZYGOMYCOTA Amjad Khan Afridi Lecturer, Department of Health & Biological Sciences Amjad Khan Afridi Lecturer, Department of Health & Biological Sciences Chapter # 06

2. DEFINITIONS A gametangium (plural: gametangia) is an organ or cell in which gametes are produced that is found in many fungi, and the gametophytes of plants. Sporangiophore (plural sporangiophores) usually a stalk, A special type of hypha that bears sporangia on the tip. A sporangium (plural: sporangia) is the capsule structure belonging to fungi, in which the reproductive spores are produced and stored.

3. ZYGOMYCOTA Includes common bread molds Sexual reproduction occurs by fusion of gametangia, formed zygospores. Asexual reproduction most common by non- motile sporangiospores in the sporangium/ sporangia Sporangiophores form sporangia /sporangium Hyphae produce clumps of erect stalks A common example of this phylum is the bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifera).

5. CONT… The mycelia of Zygomycota are divided into three types of hyphae. 1. The rhizoids reach below the surface and function in food absorption. Above the surface, 2. Sporangiophores bear the spore-producing sporangia. 3. Groups of rhizoids and sporangiophores are connected above the surface by stolons.

6. REPRODUCTION

7. The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)

8. ZYGOMYCOTA

9. Reproduction Asexual reproduction in Zygomycota is similar to that in other types of fungi, while sexual reproduction bears some similarity to that in Ascomycota. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction in Zygomycota varies greatly among orders and species. Spores may be formed by the separation and thickening of hyphal cells. They may also be produced in specialized organs, whose structure is also widely varied.

10. Zygomycota have two mating types, though individual species may only have one mating type. When hyphae from opposite mating types meet, they produce structures called progametangia that are dense and multinucleate. The structure, in some fungi, that develops into the gametangium. Cell walls form to separate the tips of the progametangia into gametangia, Plasmogamy then occurs between the two gametangia to form a zygote. Sexual Reproduction

11. CONT… Next, karyogamy takes place within the zygote. The cell walls of the zygote are thin at first, but later thicken into a zygospore. Germination begins when the diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis and a sporangium develops. Spores are produced within the sporangium.

12. CONT… Gametes are produced in the structures called gametangia. The key difference between sporangia and gametangia is that sporangia are the asexual structures that produce asexual spores while gametangia are the sexual structures that produce sexual spores or the gametes.

13. Thank You 14th April, 2022