1. Prologue  A prologue is a piece of writing found at the beginning of a literary work, before the first chapter and separate from the main story.  It establishes the context and gives background details, often some earlier story that ties into the main one, and other miscellaneous information.  The plot of the whole play is outlined in 14 lines, called a sonnet. It allows the audience to be settled before the actual play properly starts. The audience gets a glimpse of the rest of the play in the prologue.

2. Romeo & Juliet Prologue Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life; Whose misadventur’d piteous overthrows Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife. The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love, And the continuance of their parents’ rage, Which but their children’s end naught could remove, Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage; The which, if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.

3. Analyzing The Prologue  It is introducing the idea that there is conflict: for instance “death-marked love” gives the idea of love not being positive, but is hinting that love is in fact negative as it relates to death.  The audience at first would associate a sonnet with love, however the audience is made aware that death and violence are going to be a major part of the play due to words in the prologue like “death, rage and mutiny”.  “From ancient grudge break to new mutiny” describes an ancient long history of conflict between the two families.  “Continuance of the parents’ rage” indicates that this conflict is still on-going and unlikely to be easily resolved.

4. Cast Pictures From The 1968 Movie Juliet Romeo Tybalt (Juliet’s cousin) Lady Capulet (Juliet’s mom) Capulet (Juliet’s dad) Montague (Romeo’s dad) Lady Montague (Romeo’s mom)

5. Benvolio (Romeo’s cousin) Mercutio (Romeo’s best friend) Paris (The prince’s relative, wants to marry Juliet) Prince Escalus Juliet’s nurse Friar Lawrence Balthasar (Romeo’s servant, tells him about Juliet’s death)

6. Romeo & Juliet is called a TRAGEDY: a sad ending where the hero either dies or ends up mentally, emotionally, or spiritually devastated beyond recovery

7. (The event that sets the main character or characters on the journey that will occupy Them throughout the narrative) (Suspense: the anticipation of the outcome of a plot or of the solution to an uncertainty, puzzle, or mystery)

9. Conflict  In literature, conflict is a device that involves a struggle between two opposing forces  4 types of conflict: 1. Man vs. Man 2. Man vs. Nature 3. Man vs. Himself 4. Man vs. Society  These four conflicts are divided into two categories: Internal and External

10. Internal Conflict  Internal Conflict is between a character and himself/herself  When a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs. It happens within them, and it drives their development as a character.  Friar Lawrence: he is battling with himself with Juliet's faked death, the eloping of Romeo and Juliet, and the deaths of the two teenage lovers  Juliet: 1. Wonders why Romeo has to be a Montague and if she would have to give up her Capulet name to be with him. (balcony scene) “Wherefore art thou Romeo/Deny thy father and refuse thy name” 2. She cannot believe that her love could kill her cousin however, she is now married to Romeo and must support him unconditionally. 3. When getting ready to drink the potion Friar makes for her to fake her death, she is hesitant that the plan might not work  Romeo: does not wish to harm Tybalt (who is now his cousin by marriage) but he wants to avenge Mercutio. He thinks that being without Juliet is worse than being put to death. He also struggles with the fact that he is loving his family's enemy and nobody can know about their marriage.

11. External Conflict  External Conflict is between a character and an outside source  External forces stand in the way of a character’s motivations and create tension as the character tries to reach their goals. Some examples of external conflict in Romeo & Juliet include:  Mercutio versus Tybalt (Tybalt kill Mercutio)  Capulet versus Tybalt (When at the party, Tybalt wants to rid of the Montagues, but Capulet tells him to calm down and welcome them, and not to cause a scene)  Paris versus Juliet (he loves her, but she does not want to marry him)  Juliet versus Capulet (he says he will disown her if she doesn't marry Paris)  Romeo versus Mercutio (Romeo kills Tybalt)  Juliet versus Lady Capulet (Their relationship with each other, the deal on marrying Paris, and when Tybalt dies)  Lady Capulet versus Nurse (Their relationship between each other)  Capulet versus Montague (History long feud)  Juliet versus Nurse (When Nurse was against Romeo and Juliet together)  Capulet Household versus Montague Household (feud )

12. How Does Shakespeare Use Conflict in Act 1 Scene 1  This scene opens with servants Gregory and Sampson of the house of Capulet being “armed with swords and bucklers”. Servants usually did not carry swords and the language used by the servants made it obvious that they were looking for trouble. Sampson says: “We’ll draw (swords).”  (Sampson) “will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague” meant that he will not run from any conflict with the Montagues. He seemed more interested in physical conflict.  Gregory is more interested in challenging his masculinity with clever use of words instead of getting physical. For example “If thou art moved, thou runn’st away. **This scene establishes the conflict between the Montagues and Capulets, as well as reveals Romeo’s internal conflict and impulsivity.

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgdJeTH0lG4&t=59s  Lady Montague’s dialogue shows she is worried about Romeo being involved in the fighting, because she cares about his well being. She asks Benvolio “Romeo? Saw you him today?” Benvolio tells her that Romeo wasn’t involved in the battle because he was in the forests [he disappeared] with a “troubled mind” introducing the idea of emotional conflict.  Romeo’s father describes Romeo’s behavior as “black and portentous”. Also states that Romeo “pens himself” in his “chamber” and “shuts up his windows”.  This description of Romeo allows the first scene to change direction from physical conflict to emotional conflict.  Montague compares his son to a flower and how “the bud bit with an envious worm, ere he can spread his sweet leaves to the air.” This is a metaphor used so the audience can learn about Romeo’s nature being more delicate than the other characters.  The audience then learns Romeo’s emotional inner conflict is due to his love for a girl named Rosaline who has rejected him. Act 1 Scene 1 Animated Video Summary

14. Dialogue and Shakespearean Language Act 2 Scene 2  “It is the east and Juliet is the sun““  "Deny thy father and refuse thy name““  "And i'll no longer be a Capulet““  "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet““  "If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully““  Romeo marvels at Juliet's beauty as he watches her whilst she speaks; yet again he conotates her beauty with light, and in this instance the sun ( and again with 'bright angel!' ).  Juliet is very assertive in the fact that she loves Romeo, and declares this without her knowing he is listening beneath her. She even says that she loves him despite his Montague heritage, therefore she is denying how his father is a Montague and that his name is of Montague's.  After having declaring her love and not being phased by Romeo's family name; Juliet also says that she will no longer be a Capulet as she feels a name is neither a 'foot' nor 'hand' therefore it Is only 'some other name!‘  Juliet is thoughtfully justifying why a name should not determine one's path of fate or who one could end up with, she compliments this by using an example of a rose which is in fact very true in order for the audience to further relate and sympathize. This is further explained by how if the guards find Romeo 'they will murder thee'.  Juliet doesn't want Romeo to say he loves her just yet, as she thinks that he may not mean it. She is trying to preserve her feelings as hers ate true, and in Georgian times it wasn’t wise for a woman to show her feelings too early. Juliet doesn't want to be 'too quickly won' so that she doesn't get hurt. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOz_uSNhgLc Act 2 Scene 2 Animated Video Summary **This is the balcony scene where Romeo & Juliet declare their love and intent to marry. It reveals a lot about their character traits and continues to establish the conflict.

15. Dialogue and Shakespearean Language Act 2 Scene 2  "thou mayst think my 'haviour light“  "It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden“  "My bounty is as boundless as the sea“  "Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing“  "His help to crave, and my dear hap to tell"  Juliet is explaining to Romeo how she thinks he may find her behavior too forward as she is 'too fond' of him already. He wants Romeo to swear to her 'God of idolatry' his love for her before they can move on.  The trinomial of Juliet's feelings emphasize how she has 'no joy of this contract tonight' which alarms the audience as their meetings should be made to last due to their feuding families. Juliet doesn't want anything to happen, but all Romeo asks of her is 'The exchange of thy love's faithful vow for mine'.  Juliet’s generosity and what she wants to give to Romeo is as deep as the sea, she wants him to realize that her 'love is deep' already and she eventually is persuaded to 'perform the rite' ( marriage proposal ) 'By the hour of nine' tomorrow with Romeo.  Foreshadowing of darker events to come, although it's said in a light and almost humorous tone, the death of Romeo after having killed himself for trying to cherish his life with Juliet links to how Juliet says she will kill him with too much cherishing.  The final line asks of Friar Lawrence's hidden away room, so that Romeo can ask of him a favor that would be catastrophic to both families if they found out. Although others may see this as un- thought of, Romeo see's this as his good fortune ('hap').

16. Act 3 The Climax https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9t67mBtU_w&t=59s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9t67mBtU_w&t=59s  The climax is the greatest point of tension and excitement in a play, and is where conflicts and complications reach their highest as well.  It has an increased speed of action in events, it moves the plot forward and changes the outcome, and matters start to become complicated and complex.  Why is Act 3 the climax? One reason why is because it leads up to further problems. Tybalt killed Mercutio, which was the main cause of problems worsening.  It is the most action-packed part of the whole play and a lot of drama builds up which contributes to consequences. After Mercutio died, Romeo wanted to avenge him and fight Tybalt.  Actions occur at a quick rate, like when Romeo was immediately banished from Verona  Act 3 is considered the turning point of the play. First, it forces Juliet to make a decision. Faced with the death of her cousin at the hands of her husband, she must finally choose between Romeo and her family. She chooses Romeo, but he has been banished for the crime of killing Tybalt. This is the event that sets the final events of the play in motion because she now must find a way to leave forever and be with Romeo.

17. Suspense  Suspense: the anticipation of the outcome of a plot or of the solution to an uncertainty, puzzle, or mystery. Some techniques Shakespeare uses to create suspense are: 1. Tone setting - conveying emotions/feelings through words. The way a person feels about an idea/concept, event, or another person can be quickly determined through facial expressions, gestures and in the tone of voice used. 2. Foreshadowing - gives an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story. Use of this technique helps to create suspense, keeping readers wondering and speculating about what will happen next. 3. Dramatic Irony - revealing hidden truths and incorporating twists into the plot that the characters seemingly know nothing about.  Mercutio: “Thy head is as full of quarrels as an egg is full of meat” (Act 3 Scene 1) Benvolio suggests that his friends leave the streets in order to escape a fight with the Capulets. Mercutio, however, is hoping for a good fight, and tries his best to egg Benvolio on. Mercutio explains Benvolio would quarrel today. This demonstrates dramatic irony and creating humor because of Benvolio’s role in the play as the peacekeeper.  Juliet: “As one dead in the bottom of a tomb” (Act 3 Scene 5) This heavy foreshadowing of the lovers’ deaths emphasizes that they are trapped by their fates.

18. Suspense In Act 3 Other suspenseful quotes from Act 3:  Prince: “Let Romeo hence in haste, Else, when he is found, that hour is his last.” The Prince offers Romeo a chance to save his life by leaving Verona. If, however, Romeo does not accept the banishment, he will die.  Juliet: “I’ll to the Friar to know his remedy. If all else fail, myself have power to die. After Juliet has been told by her father that she must marry Paris, because she secretly married Romeo, she knows if she tells her father that she is married, there will be dire consequences, so she runs to Friar Laurence in her desperation. Audience wonders what she will do because her words concern that she contemplates suicide.  Romeo: “This day’s black fate on more days doth depend; This but begins the woe others must end.” In Romeo's lines after he has slain Tybalt, he knows of the terrible repercussions of his act. He speaks of others' having to end the sorrow that begins with Tybalt and Mercutio's deaths. The audience may ask themselves: What will both families do? What will become of Romeo's marriage to Juliet?