1. WELCOME

2. FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH’S THEORY TWENTY ONE NURSING PROBLEMS PRESENTED BY Ms. DEVUCHANDANA 1 YEAR MSc NURSING HCCNK

4. EARLY LIFE OF FAYE ABDELLAH  Faye Abdellah was born on March 13, 1919 in New York to a father of Algerian heritage and Scottish mother.  Faye Abdellah earned a nursing diploma from Fitkin Memorial Hospital’s School of Nursing, now known as Ann May School of Nursing.  Faye Abdellah worked as a health nurse at a private school and her first administrative position was on the faculty of Yale University from 1945-1949.

5. CONTINUED………  A bachelor of science degree in nursing in 1945  Master of arts degree in physiology in 1947 and a doctor of education degree in 1955  In 1957, Abdellah spearheaded a research team in Manchester, Connecticut.

11. CONCEPTUAL MODEL

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY CHARACTERISTIC 1  Abdellah’s theory has interrelated the concept of health, nursing problem solving as the attempts to create a different way of viewing nursing phenomenon  The was the statement that nursing is the use of problem solving approach will key nursing problem related to health needs of people.

13. CHARACTERISTIC 2  Problem solving is an activity that is inherently logical in nature.

14. CHARACTERISTIC 3  Framework seems to focus quite heavily on nursing practice and individual. This somewhat limit the ability to generalize although the problem solving approach is readily generalizable to clients with specific health needs and specific nursing problems.

15. CHARACTERISTIC 4  One of the most important question that arise when considering her work is the role of the client with in the frame work. This question could generate hypothesis for testing and thus demonstrates the ability of Abdellah’s work to generate hypothesis for testing.

16. CHARACTERISTIC 5  The result of testing such hypothesis would contribute to the general body of nursing knowledge

17. CHARACTERISTIC 6  Albdellah’s problem solving approach can easily be used by practitioners to guide various activities with in their practice. This is true when considering nursing practice that deal with the clients who have specific needs and specific nursing problems.

18. CHARACTERISTIC 7  Although consistency with other theories exist, many questions remain unanswered.

19. ABDELLAH’S 21 NURSING PROBLEMS  To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort  To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest, sleep  To promote safety through prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and through prevention of the spread of infection  To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity  To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells

20. Continued……..  To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition for all body cells  To facilitate the maintenance of elimination  To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance  To recognize the physiologic responses of the body to disease conditions— pathologic, physiologic, and compensatory  To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions

21. Continued……….  To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function  To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions  To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness  To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and nonverbal communication  To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships

22. Continued………  To facilitate progress toward achievement and personal spiritual goals  To create or maintain a therapeutic environment  To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs  To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional  To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems that arise from illness  To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness

23. FAYE ABDELLAH’S 10 STEPS TO IDENTIFY THE PATIENT’S PROBLEM.  Learn to know the patient.  Sort out relevant and significant data.  Make generalizations about available data in relation to similar nursing problems presented by other patients.  Identify the therapeutic plan.  Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations.  Validate the patient’s conclusions about his nursing problems.

24. Continued……….  Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of time to identify any attitudes and clues affecting his or her behavior.  Explore the patient and his or her family’s reactions to the therapeutic plan and involve them in the plan.  Identify how the nurses feel about the patient’s nursing problems.  Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan.

25. NEEDS OF THE PATIENTS  BASIC NEEDS The basic needs of an individual patient are to maintain good hygiene and physical comfort; promote optimal health through healthy activities, such as exercise, rest and sleep; promote safety through the prevention of health hazards like accidents, injury or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection; and maintain good body mechanics and prevent or correct deformity.

26. SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS Sustenal care needs facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells; facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells; facilitate the maintenance of elimination; facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance; recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions; facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions; and facilitate the maintenance of sensory function.

27. REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS Remedial care needs to identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions; identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness; facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non- verbal communication; promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships; facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals

28. RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS Restorative care needs include the acceptance of the optimum possible goals in light of limitations, both physical and emotional; the use of community resources as an aid to resolving problems that arise from illness; and the understanding of the role of social problems as influential factors in the case of illness.

33. IMPLEMENTATION  Using the goals as the framework, a plan is developed and appropriate nursing interventions are determine. EVALUATION :  According to the American Nurses’s Association Standards of Nursing Practice, the plan is evaluated in terms of the client’s progress or lack of progress toward the achievement of the stated goals.  This would be extremely difficult if not impossible to do for Abdellah’s nursing problem approach since it has been determined that the goals are nursing goals, not the client goals.  Thus the most appropriate evaluation would be the nurse progress or lack of progress or lack of progress towards the achievement of the stated goals.

39. STRENGTHS  The problem-solving approach is readily generalizable to the client with specific health needs and specific nursing problems.  With the model’s nature, healthcare providers and practitioners can use Abdellah’s problem-solving approach to guide various activities within the clinical setting. This is true when considering nursing practice that deals with clients who have specific needs and specific nursing problems.  The language of Faye Abdellah’s framework is simple and easy to comprehend.  The theoretical statement greatly focuses on problem- solving, an activity that is inherently logical in nature.

40. WEAKNESSES  The major limitation to Abdellah’s theory and the 21 nursing problems is their very strong nurse-centered orientation. She rather conceptualized nurses’ actions in nursing care which is contrary to her aim.  Another point is the lack of emphasis on what the client is to achieve was given in terms of client care.  Framework seems to focus quite heavily on nursing practice and individuals. This somewhat limits the ability to generalize although the problem-solving approach is readily generalizable to clients with specific health needs and specific nursing.  Also, Abdellah’s framework is inconsistent with the concept of holism. The nature of the 21 nursing problems attests to this. As a result, the client may be diagnosed as having numerous problems that would lead to fractionalized care efforts, and potential problems might be overlooked because the client is not deemed to be in a particular stage of illness.