1. INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SUBJECT : BIOSTATICS AND METHODOLOGY
TOPIC : COUNTER PLOT GRAPH
SUBMITTED TO : DR. MANOJ GOYAL ASSIST. PROFF. IPSCOP
SUBMITTED BY :
RISHAV BHATELE
0923PY161038
4th year{viii sem}
IPSCOP

2. Definition:
A contour plot is a graphic representation of the relationships among three numeric variables in two dimensions. Two variables are for X and Y axes, and a third variable Z is for contour levels.
A contour plot is a graphical technique for representing a 3- dimensional surface by plotting constant slices, called contours, on a 2-dimensional format. That is, given a value for lines are drawn for connecting the (x,y) coordinates where that value Occurs.

3. The contour plot is an alternative to a 3-D surface plot.

6. Importance of Contour plots:
Contour plot helps in visualizing the response surface.
- Contour plots are useful for establishing desirable response values and operating conditions.
This plot shows how a response variable relates to two factors based on a model equation.
Points that have the same response are connected to produce contour lines of constant responses

10. Such types of plots and experimental design are used for optimization techniques in
pharmaceutical formulation and processing.
- The term Optimize is defined as "to make perfect".
It is the process of finding the best way of using the existing resources while taking in to the account of all the factors that influences decisions in any experiment.

11. Optimization parameters
Independent variables or primary variables :
Formulations and process variables directly under control of the formulator
These includes ingredients
2. Dependent or secondary variables :
These are the responses of the in progress material or the resulting drug delivery system.
It is the result of independent variables Relationship between independent variables and response define response surface

12. TERMS USED
FACTOR:It is an assigned variable such as concentration , Temperature etc;
Quantitative: Numerical factor assigned to it Ex; Concentration- 1%, 2%,3%
Qualitative: Which are not numerical Ex: Polymer grade, humidity condition etc etc.
2 LEVELS Levels of a factor are the values or designations assigned to the factor

13. RESPONSE: It is an outcome of the experiment.
FACTOR
LEVEL
Temprature
30o,50o
Concentration
1%,2%
RESPONSE: It is an outcome of the experiment.
It is the effect to evaluate.
Ex: Disintegration time etc..
EFFECT: It is the change in response caused by varying the levels It gives the relationship between various factors & levels.
INTERACTION : It gives the overall effect of two or more variables.
Ex: Combined effect of lubricant and glidant on hardness of the tablet

14. Types of plots
For univariate data, a run sequence plot and a histogram are considered.
For 2-dimensional data, a scatter plot is a necessary.
In a similar manner, 3-dimensional data should be plotted. Small data sets, such as result from designed experiments, can typically be represented by block plots, dex mean plots.