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SKELETAL SYSTEM PATHOLOGY
Smritikana Ghosh 2nd bsc nursing
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1 TOPICS 2 3 4 5 Bone healing Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Arthritis
01 (fracture healing) TOPICS 2 Osteoporosis 3 Osteomyelitis 4 Arthritis 5 Tumors
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Bone healing (fracture healing)
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NORMAL STRUCTURE OF BONE
Bone is divided into two components Cortical/compact bone Comprises 80% of skeleton & forms outer shell 1 Trabecular/cancellous bone Composes 20% & has trabeculae traversing the marrow space 2
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MICROSCOPY Contains extra cellular matrix, consists of collagen type 1, and has 3 types cells- 01 OSTEOBLASTS- uninucleated cells,found in bone forming surface,synthesize matrix 02 OSTEOCYTES- osteoblasts incorporate in bone matrix during synthesis 03 OSTEOCLASTS- large multinucleated cells,resposible for bone resorption
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HEALING OF BONE 01
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OSTEOPOROSIS
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Osteoporosis causing deterioration inside bone,involves a gradual weakening of the bones.
"Osteoporosis" literally means "porous bones." Bones become weaker,risk of fractures, especially in hip,spine,& wrist. What is osteoporosis? 01
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OSTEOMYELITIS
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Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone, a rare but serious condition.
Bones can become infected in a number of ways: Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone,or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection.
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TYPES PART 02 Title Please write the title here
Fresh business general template Applicable to enterprise introduction, summary report, sales marketing, chart dataa
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ARTHRITIS
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DEFINITION Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age. 01
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS The dominant feature is inflammation, primary in synovium. The synovial membrane in RA becomes hyperplastic. There is an increased number of both type synoviocytes and is infiltrated with immune and inflammatory cells : particularly macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes, plasma cells and dendritic cells. Increased levels of cytokines are present. Cytokines play a central role in the perpetuation of synovial inflammation. The persistence of the chronic inflammatory response in conjunction with ongoing joint destruction. Title Title This template is the spring and autumn advertising original, here you can directly modify the content. This template is the spring and autumn advertising original, here you can directly modify the content.
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TUMORS OF BONE
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Bone tumors can be primary or secondary
Bone tumors can be primary or secondary.Secondary due to metastatic spread. Most common are described below : 01 OSTEOCHONDROMA 02 OSTEOSARCOMA 03 GIANT CELL TUMOR EWING SARCOMA or NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR 04
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OSTEOCHONDROMA Osteochondroma is an overgrowth of cartilage and bone that happens at the end of the bone near the growth plate. Most often, it affects the long bones in the leg, the pelvis, or the shoulder blade. Most common in olderly bone.
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OSTEOSARCOMA clinical features definiton microscopy morphology
It is a type of cancer that produces immature bone & most common type of cancer that arises in bones definiton microscopy Tumor cell resemble anaplastic cells,abnormal mitosis & giant cells. morphology Title clinical features Painful mass in bony region On radiology metaphyseal tumor with calcification Localised pain & swelling. Arises metaphysis of bone & invade soft tissues Surface is grey white with areas of hemorrhage & necrosis
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grey brown areas with hemorrhage,necrosis &cyst formation
GIANT CELL TUMOR Benign but locally agressive tumor most common in age years most common in epiphyseal region in distal femur, proximal tibia,distal radius,proximal humerus. MORPHOLOGY- grey brown areas with hemorrhage,necrosis &cyst formation CLINICAL FEATURES- bone pain swelling
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EWING's SARCOMA Agressive malignant tumor
common in age years,seen in long bones MORPHOLOGY- Arises in medullary cavity & permeate cortex without causing large defects in bone causing expansion of tissues MICROSCOPY- uniform nuclei cytoplasm pus +ve granules CLINICAL FEATURES- Bone pain, localised swelling & tenderness In rare cases bone fractures may also be found.
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