1. SKELETAL SYSTEM PATHOLOGY
Smritikana Ghosh
2nd bsc nursing

2. 1 TOPICS 2 3 4 5 Bone healing Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Arthritis01
(fracture healing)
TOPICS 2
Osteoporosis 3
Osteomyelitis 4
Arthritis 5
Tumors

3. Bone healing
(fracture healing)

4. NORMAL STRUCTURE OF BONE
Bone is divided into two components
Cortical/compact bone
Comprises 80% of skeleton &
forms outer shell 1
Trabecular/cancellous bone
Composes 20% & has trabeculae traversing the marrow space 2

5. MICROSCOPY
Contains extra cellular matrix, consists of collagen type 1, and has 3 types cells- 01
OSTEOBLASTS-
uninucleated cells,found in bone forming surface,synthesize matrix 02
OSTEOCYTES-
osteoblasts incorporate in bone matrix during synthesis 03
OSTEOCLASTS-
large multinucleated cells,resposible for bone resorption

6. HEALING OF
BONE 01

7. OSTEOPOROSIS

8. Osteoporosis causing deterioration inside bone,involves a gradual weakening of the bones.
"Osteoporosis" literally means "porous bones."
Bones become weaker,risk of fractures,
especially in hip,spine,& wrist.
What is osteoporosis? 01

9. OSTEOMYELITIS

10. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone, a rare but serious condition.
Bones can become infected in a number of ways:
Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone,or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection.

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12. ARTHRITIS

13. DEFINITION
Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age. 01

15. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
The dominant feature is inflammation, primary in synovium.
The synovial membrane in RA becomes hyperplastic.
There is an increased number of both type synoviocytes and is infiltrated with immune and inflammatory cells : particularly macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes, plasma cells and dendritic cells.
Increased levels of cytokines are present.
Cytokines play a central role in the perpetuation of synovial inflammation.
The persistence of the chronic inflammatory response in conjunction with ongoing joint destruction.
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16. TUMORS
OF BONE

17. Bone tumors can be primary or secondary
Bone tumors can be primary or secondary.Secondary due to metastatic spread.
Most common are described below : 01
OSTEOCHONDROMA 02
OSTEOSARCOMA 03
GIANT CELL TUMOR
EWING SARCOMA or
NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR 04

18. OSTEOCHONDROMA
Osteochondroma is an overgrowth of cartilage and bone that happens at the end of the bone near the growth plate.
Most often, it affects the long bones in the leg, the pelvis, or the shoulder blade.
Most common in olderly bone.

19. OSTEOSARCOMA clinical features definiton microscopy morphology
It is a type of cancer that produces immature bone & most common type of cancer that arises in bones
definiton
microscopy
Tumor cell resemble anaplastic cells,abnormal mitosis & giant cells.
morphology
Title
clinical features
Painful mass in bony region
On radiology metaphyseal tumor with calcification
Localised pain & swelling.
Arises metaphysis of bone & invade soft tissues
Surface is grey white with areas of hemorrhage & necrosis

20. grey brown areas with hemorrhage,necrosis &cyst formation
GIANT CELL TUMOR
Benign but locally agressive tumor
most common in age years
most common in epiphyseal region in distal femur, proximal tibia,distal radius,proximal humerus.
MORPHOLOGY-
grey brown areas with hemorrhage,necrosis &cyst formation
CLINICAL FEATURES-
bone pain
swelling

21. EWING's SARCOMA Agressive malignant tumor
common in age years,seen in long bones
MORPHOLOGY-
Arises in medullary cavity & permeate cortex without causing large defects in bone causing expansion of tissues
MICROSCOPY-
uniform nuclei
cytoplasm pus +ve granules
CLINICAL FEATURES-
Bone pain, localised swelling & tenderness
In rare cases bone fractures may also be found.

22. Thanks