1. Admit Slip- 1. ) What appears to be happening in the painting. 2
Admit Slip- 1.) What appears to be happening in the painting? 2.) In your own words define the word revolution 3.) What may be the reason(s) as to why a revolution could start?

2. Causes of the French Revolution

3. Impact of the American Revolution
The American republic stood as a symbol of freedom to both France and Latin America.
The U.S. Constitution created the most democratic government of its time.
The success of the American Revolution would inspire major global changes as other people challenged the power of absolute monarchs.

4. Pre-Revolutionary France
The causes of the French Revolution can be categorized into four main categories; political, social, economic, and intellectual.
Much of the unrest in France was rooted in the unequal distribution of wealth among the three social classes, known as estates.

5. Political Causes
On the eve of revolution, France was an absolute monarchy.
Under absolutism, most people in France were denied basic rights and say in government.
Many of the monarchs in France had failed to meet the needs of its people, causing an uprising.
What does the term uprising mean?

6. Social Inequality
Everyone in France belonged to one of three social classes called estates.
The clergy made up the First Estate, while the titled nobility composed the Second Estate.
These two classes held enormous wealth, did not have to pay taxes, and enjoyed special privileges.
The First Estate and the Second Estate only made up 2% of the entire population of France.
Although the First and Second Estate made up a small percentage of the population, they held most of the power.

7. Social Inequality
The Third Estate made up close to 98% of French society, made up of the bourgeoisie, poor city workers, and rural farmers.
The Third Estate was forced to pay heavy taxes, and had no say in government rulings.
The Third Estate became increasingly discontent with their present role in French Society- Majority of Population= No governmental say.

8. Admit Slip 3/30
What type of government did France have before the revolution?
Why were the French citizens so unhappy with the government?
What were the names of the social classes in French society?
Describe the classes-
The ideas of what individuals helped spark the French people to revolt against a bad government?

9. Economic Injustices
The government, with its expensive wars and lavish courts, spent more money than it earned.
This caused a sharp increase in taxes.
Which estate was responsible for the heavy tax burden? Third
Bad harvests caused food prices to rise.
Peasants and city dwellers began to riot as they could no longer afford to buy food.

10. Admit Slip 9/17
What type of government is in place in France just prior to the revolution? Hint: The people do not like it.
French society is divided into social classes called __________.
Describe the social structure of French society.
Who benefits? Why?
Who suffers? Why?

11. Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers disagreed with the absolute monarchy of France.
They called for a more democratic form of government.
Enlightenment ideas led many French to question the ordering of society.
It was not reasonable, they felt, for the First and Second Estate to have privileges over the Third Estate.

12. Graphic Organizer
Now that we have completed our guided notes, turn this sheet over and complete the graphic organizer with your partner.
Try not to look at your notes when completing the graphic organizer.

13. Exit Slip
In your notebook, write one category that the causes of the French Revolution can be classified under and one specific cause relating to that category.
Then explain how that specific cause can bring about a revolution. (Use your definition of revolution from your admit slip to help you).

14. Admit Slip 3/31
What is your life like if you were a member of the 3rd Estate in France?
Describe how all the estates would vote on a particular issue in the Estates General?
Because of this, the 3rd Estate broke away and formed the __________ __________ and wrote what document?
The French Revolution officially started when the peasants stormed what?

15. Letter From Third Estate
Imagine that you are a member of the Third Estate in France, and you are planning an official meeting to discuss the issues and problems you are facing. Based on what you have learned so far this year, what would be the major talking points of the meeting? What would be your plan of action on how to fix the issues discussed in the meeting?
Write a letter addressed to the King, where you describe your life as a member of the Third Estate in France.

16. Stages of the Revolution
People became increasing displeased with the French government.
Finally, King Louis XVI called the Estates General to meet and discuss issues.
The Estates General was made up of representatives from all three estates.
The third estate was very frustrated with both the first and second estates, because the first and second estates did not include the third estate in making changes to the government.
The third estate declared itself the National Assembly, and vowed to write a new constitution for France.

17. Storming of the Bastille
Working class people, already rioting over the price of bread, stormed a prison called the Bastille.
The Bastille was thought to have gun powder, in addition to prisoners punished by King Louis XVI.
Fighting took place around the countryside, and peasants attacked nobles.
This event marked that start of the French Revolution

18. Video

19. Third Estate Fights Back
The National Assembly (Third Estate) abolished the privileges of the First and Second Estates and created a constitution called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
This was based on the Declaration of Independence, and included many Enlightenment ideas.

20. Admit Slip 4/1
Draw and label the social structure in France prior to the revolution.

21. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
States that all men have natural rights
Job of government is to protect the natural rights of people
Guarantees all male citizens equality under the law
States that people may practice any religion they choose
Taxes would be based according to how much money people could afford.

22. Exit Slip
How is the Declaration of the Rights of Man similar to that of the Declaration of Independence?

23. Admit Slip 4/4
How is the Declaration of the Rights of Man similar to that of the Declaration of Independence?
“Reign of Terror”- What do you think this means?

24. A New Government is Formed
In 1791, the National Assembly (Third Estate) wrote a new Constitution that defined a new role and purpose for government:
Set up a limited monarchy with representative assembly
Declared people had natural rights and it was job of government to protect these rights
Put Church under state control

25. A New Government is Formed
News about the French Revolution spread quickly around Europe.
Other European rulers were worried that revolutionary ideas may spread into their own countries.
Other European rulers offered to help France put down the rebellion (military).
In turn, France declared war on many European nations.

26. Reign of Terror
The war with other European nations ended poorly for France.
Radicals took control of the National Assembly, and ended the monarchy.
The Radical’s slogan was “liberty, equality, and Fraternity”.
The period following was known as the “Reign of Terror”, led by Maximilien Robespierre.

27. Reign of Terror- Maximilien Robespierre
Was a radical revolutionary
During his reign, thousands of people were executed (guillotine) and put into prison.
The most famous to be executed were King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
Within a year, the violence turned back on Robespierre.
He was executed by the guillotine, and the Reign of Terror was officially ended.

30. Exit Slip 9/16
Maximilien Robespierre’s time in power was known as what?
Why was it given this name?

31. Admit Slip 4/7 Who was Robespierre?
Describe the time period when Robespierre was in power. What was this period known as?
After Robespierre, who emerges to lead France? What type of government finds its way back to France?

32. A New Leader Emerges
When the revolution started, Napoleon Bonaparte was a low level military officer with dreams of glory.
Napoleon rose through the ranks of the military, winning many important battles.
Napoleon became so powerful that he led a coup d'état, or a revolt by military leaders to overthrow a government
Napoleon proclaimed himself “Emperor of the French”, and had absolute power.

34. Napoleon’s Achievements
Much of Napoleon’s popularity came from his effective policies:
Economy- Napoleon controlled prices, supported new industry, and built roads and canals
Education- established government supervised public school system
Napoleonic Code- legal code (laws), that included Enlightenment ideas (equality of citizens and religious toleration.

35. Napoleon’s Rise and Fall
From , Napoleon ruled an empire, and conquered much of Europe.
He often replaced defeated monarchs with friends and family to rule over newly acquired land.
Of all the European powers only Britain and Russia remained out of Napoleon’s reach.

36. Invasion of Russia
In 1812, Napoleon’s armies attempted to invade Russia from the west, however the Russians retreated eastward.
As the Russians retreated eastward, they practiced a strategy known as “scorched earth” where they would burn crops and villages.
This strategy left the French army hungry and cold.
Most of Napoleon’s army was lost during the harsh Russian winter.
Napoleon was finally defeated at the battle of Waterloo.

39. Map of Napoleon’s March

41. Admit Slip 4/8 What were some achievements of Napoleon?
What military mistake is Napoleon famously known for?
What does Nationalism mean?

42. Effects of the French Revolution
Nationalism
The French Revolution and the conquests of Napoleon inspired feelings of national pride and unity.
This pride and sense of national identity replaced earlier loyalty to local authority and the monarch.
The conquests of Napoleon increased nationalistic feelings across Europe.

43. Latin American Independence Movements
In the late 1700’s, Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to Latin America.
The success of the American Revolution showed that foreign rule could be thrown off.
Latin Americans were also encouraged at what the French were able to accomplish during their revolution.

44. Haiti The French ruled over the colony of Haiti.
In Haiti, French planters owned large sugar plantations where over half a million enslaved Africans lived and worked in terrible conditions.
The French treated the natives of Haiti with no respect.
Haiti became the first Latin American colony to revolt against Europe.

45. Toussaint L’Ouverture
A self-educated former slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt.
Toussaint was familiar with the writings of the Enlightenment period and wanted to lead his people to liberty.
Toussaint prove to be an effective military leader and gained control of much of the island.
Haitian slaves won their freedom in 1798.

46. South America
In South America, Simon Bolivar led resistance movements against the Spanish in the early 1800’s.
He too was an admirer of the American and French Revolutions, and the Enlightenment.
He vowed to fight against Spanish rule, and was called “the Liberator.”
Over 12 years, Bolivar won independence for Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
He later joined forces with Jose de San Martin and together they defeated the Spanish in Argentina and Chile.

47. Admit Slip 9/25
Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture and what did he fight for?
What is one way to make sure that a revolution does not take place?

48. Congress of Vienna
After the defeat of Napoleon, European diplomats met at the Congress of Vienna.
These diplomats wanted to devise a peace settlement and restore order and stability to Europe.
The diplomats also wanted to keep France from dominating the continent.
So, they restored power back to the monarchs.

49. Major Goals of the Congress of Vienna
Give power back to the monarchs of Europe.
Establish a balance of power, or distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.
Return back to traditional way of life in Europe before Napoleon.
This was a victory for conservatives. Conservatism was a set of beliefs held by those who wanted preserve traditional ways

50. New Revolutions in Europe
The settlement reached at Vienna managed to help maintain peace for almost 100 years.
However, revolutions took place within various nations in Europe shortly after.
Revolutionaries were not happy with the diplomats restoring power back the monarchs.

51. New Revolutions in Europe
Revolts against the newly appointed monarchs took place all over Europe.
There were two main reason why these revolts took place:
Liberalism- those who wanted to get rid of the monarchs and have democratic governments.
Nationalism- people wanted independent nation states that were free from foreign rule.

52. Exit Slip 9/19
What was one result of the Congress of Vienna?

53. Admit Slip
What was the Congress of Vienna and what decision was made there?
What occurred as a result of the decision made at Vienna in the other European nations?

54. Letter
Imagine that you are a member of the French Third Estate and you have just heard the decision that has been passed down from the Congress of Vienna. Write a letter addressed to your friend, who is unaware of the decision, and explain your thoughts and feelings regarding the decision.