1. Seigneurial System Of New France

2. Sarah
What was the Seigneurial System? What were the duties of the Seigneur and the Habitant?
The seigneurial system( a.k.a Feudal system) was a way to distribute land for the settlers in New France. The seigneur had a mill and the habitant paid the seigneur rent for using the land to live and grow food. The habitant would work for the seigneur with unpaid labour in return for land near the river. The habitants needed to live near the St. Lawrence river for water uses. The seigneur was usually wealthy or in the military. The seigneur managed the land and the habitants would live there and take care of the land and the land was owned by the king. It started in 1627 abolished in 1854.

3. Why did the habitants move to New France?
Sarah
Why did the habitants move to New France?
Most habitants wanted to start a new life. Food and other resources were scarce in Europe so that is why people wanted to move to New France. People who lived in New France had plots of land that that they could pass on to their children. In return for farmland near the river to grow food, the habitants of the seigneurial system had to pay the seigneur rent.
New France

4. Who was the Seigneur? Who was the habitant? Sarah
A seigneur was a wealthy man, (a.k.a prince, monarch, or duke) who was granted a big plot of property by the governor and the intendant. They had certain responsibilities, such as loyalty to the King and giving military service when necessary. The seigneur was in charge of the land.
Who was the habitant?
Habitants were the residents that paid the seigneur rent for the land that he was granted. They mostly lived near the river and used it for their own needs. The habitants tilled and took care of the land for free and the seigneur gave them land. They lived in small villages with a piece of land around the house to farm.

5. Layout of Seigneur’s Land
Sarah
Layout of Seigneur’s Land
The rectangular strips of land were good access to the river for all inhabitants.
The first row provided a clear path to get to the river and the second row gave access to the forest.
The rectangular strips were good for providing interaction between neighbors and provided access to the river, a good communication system.

6. Daily Life of the Habitant
Sarah
Daily Life of the Habitant
They had to first clear their land, cutting down trees with an axe and removing tree stumps and rocks. They then had to grow crops. They grew wheat for bread and hay for their animals. They raised chickens and pigs, kept cows for milk and meat, sheep for wool, and horses to pull plows and sleighs. Children had to work on the farm too, by hoeing and weeding the plants. In New France, they owned their own farms and there was plenty of wood from the forest for heating and lots of fish and wild animals for eating.

7. What did the Habitants house look like?
Sarah
What did the Habitants house look like?
The habitants lived in small villages near the seigneurs mill, the church, and the river. The houses were made of logs that were stuck together by a substance made of sand and water. They also built houses near forests in case wood was needed for shelter or fire. The windows were not made of glass because glass was very expensive. They were usually made of dried parchment.

8. Comparison to Present day structure of Neighborhoods (North America)
Sarah
Comparison to Present day structure of Neighborhoods (North America)
Back then houses in New France were made up of stones for foundation and wood. Houses were made near water. Nowadays houses are are brick and not made near water. The residents who live in houses today live closer together than back in the 1700s because we don't need as much room for farmland. Also, houses do not need to be built near forests and rivers because wood and water are readily available anytime, in every house.
New neighbourhood vs old neighbourhood

9. Sarah
Filles du roi
Lots of men settlers came to New France but not very many women. In 1667, the filles du roi (the king's daughters) were sent to Quebec. They were single women who needed to marry the single men settlers coming to Canada. Together they would have children and the population would grow. New France needed lots more people if it wanted to have its own government and be called a country. The program was sponsored by king Louis XIV .

10. Seigneurial system vs. today
Today everybody gets their own piece of land and are spread out all over the place, not in one specific
area. Back in the 1700s these seigneuries had to be near forests or rivers for wood and water, but now we can get water through faucets in our houses. Also we do not need fires for heat and light because now we have heaters and light bulbs which wood was needed for.
Sarah

11. What is the point of a seigneurial system
William
What is the point of a seigneurial system
The point of it was that land was given to noblemen and in return they get loyalty from the king and perform military service if necessary.The people who lived in that region had to clear land and encourage settlement within a specific amount of time.

12. Who invented the seigneur system?
William
Who invented the seigneur system?
The seigneur system was first found back in 1627 and officially abolished in in New France.just about 80 percent of the population lived in rural areas governed by this system for land distribute and occupation.

13. Where did the habitants come from?
William
Where did the habitants come from?
The habitants were French settlers and inhabitants who farmed land along st.lawrence river and gulf which is now called Quebec City and the present day province of Canada.

14. Why was the seigneurial system important to New France?
William
Why was the seigneurial system important to New France?
The reason why it is so important to New France is because if people did not have enough foods or goods they would finish the payment in cash.these three buildings were used towards people to buy land. The crown sold the land to the seigneurs who would rent it to habitants.

15. What were the responsibilities of being a seigneur?
William
What were the responsibilities of being a seigneur?
For the habitants people they would pay taxes and dues towards the seigneur and build a house and farmland.to perform unpaid labor to the seigneur a few days a year. They have to give a percentage product towards them such as fish,crops,animals to the seigneur annually.

16. How old were the filles du Roi?
William
How old were the filles du Roi?
From most urban areas that they were from they would be approximately 16 to 40 years old when they first arrived, they were about 24 years old. Around 1667 and 1672,41 percent of women were given a royal dowry of 50 livres (pounds) in addition to their trousseau.

17. Why was the seigneurial system abolished?
William
Why was the seigneurial system abolished?
Back in most people who were involved with it were taking advantage by pulling tricks and eventually they all tried to get rid of the seigneurial system for good, but the king did not agree until 1854 when nobody wanted to use the system.

18. William
What do habitants do?
The habitants wear one group of French settlers who immigrated into New France for a new life and farming. The role the habitants had were to clear land,build a home and grow crops like planting,harvesting vegetables. They didn’t just do that but they were very skilled and did lots of work and had to be self reliant in lots of tasks like cooking,building etc.

19. What did the seigneur eat?
William
What did the seigneur eat?
The most common things that they are we’re lots of good stuff such as beans,peas,and cucumber. Mostly all of them went fishing and from that they would eat bacon,pork,chicken,venison,moose,wild ducks,geese and many different types of eels.