1. Basic Anatomy & Physiology
Body Tissues
Tissues: groups of cells, similar in structure & function
Four primary types of tissue:
Epithelium - Covering
Connective - Support
Muscular - Movement
Nervous - Control

2. Epithelium Examples
Skin protects against bacterial and chemical damage.
Lining of digestive system absorbs food into the body.
Kidney lining absorbs and filters.
Glands secrete substances such as perspiration, oil and mucus.

3. Excrete vs Secrete
“Secretion” &“excretion” both are involved in movement of materials.
“Excretion” is removal of material from a living thing while “secretion” is movement of material from one point to another.
Excretion is mostly body wastes (toxic) while secretion is impt materials (non-toxic) that can be used (enzymes, hormones, saliva, mucous) Read more: Difference Between Excretion and Secretion | Difference Between | Excretion vs Secretion 

4. Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Fit closely together to form sheets
Always hasone free surface or edge
Rests on basement membrane
Avascular (no blood supply)
Divides easily

5. Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Main categories: simple & stratified
Simple: single layer
Stratified: multiple layers of cells
Classified by shape:
squamous (flat),
cuboidal (cube-shaped)
columnar (column-shaped) cells.

7. Simple & Stratified Epithelium
Simple epithelium mostly absorb, secrete & filter.
Found in air sacs of lungs and capillaries
Common in glands
Cells in digestive tract that make mucus
Stratified epithelium mostly protects.
Areas with high friction such as mouth and esophagus
Found in the lining of organs like the bladder.

8. Glandular Tissue
A gland consists of one or more cells that secretes a substance.
Examples: pancreas (insulin), ovaries (estrogen), adrenals (adrenaline /epinephrine), thyroid (growth hormone)
Sweat glands secrete sweat & oil through ducts

9. Connective Tissue Common Characteristics: Different types are:
Protect, support and bind together body tissues
Good blood flow
Are found in a matrix
Different types are:
Bone
Cartilage
Dense connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
Blood

10. Bone Bone or osseous tissue: framework of body
Includes cartilage and bone
Bones are composed of cartilage at birth and are slowly replaced by Ca and P salts as body grows and matures.

11. Cartilage Cartilage provides cushioning & elastic support.
There are three types of cartilage:
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage is composed of a nonliving material called the matrix.

12. 3 Types of Cartilage Found in joints covering end of bones.
Found in the external ear and nose.

13. Dense Connective Tissue
Is strong rope-like structures, made of collagen.
Cells inside are called fibroblasts.
Examples:
Tendons
Ligaments

14. Loose Connective Tissue
Makes up soft structures of the body.
Has more cells & fewer fibers Includes: -areolar tissue: provides support -adipose tissue (fat): cushioning -reticular connective tissue: internal framework in organs like the spleen

16. Blood Blood cells suspended in fluid matrix called plasma.
Fibers of blood are proteins that become visible during clotting.
Blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, antibodies, WBC & platelets.

17. Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissues contract and shorten, & are attached to bones for movement.
Three types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

18. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle has long cells with obvious stripes.
Have many nuclei.
Can be controlled voluntarily.
When contracted, they pull bones.

19. Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart.
Heart acts as a pump & pushes blood through blood vessels.
Cardiac cells are striped with short, branching cells that fit together where the electrical impulse passes quickly between cells.
Cardiac muscle aren’t controlled by the mind.
Can beat on its own.

20. Smooth Muscle Has no visible stripes.
Found in walls of hollow organs like the stomach, bladder uterus & blood vessels.
Smooth muscle contracts much slower than the other two types.
Is involuntary.

21. Nervous Tissue (neurons)
Receive & conduct electrochemical impulses.
Structure: cytoplasm drawn; allows signals to go fast over long distances.
Have supporting cells that insulate & protect them.