Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
From Neuronal to Hemodynamic Activity
Gregory McCarthy Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
2
Shulman and Rothman PNAS, 1998
In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, emotional, or sensory stimulations. The rapid experimental progress made by using these methods has encouraged widespread optimism about our ability to understand the activities of the mind on a biological basis. However, the relationship between the signal and neurobiological processes related to function is poorly understood, because the functional imaging signal is not a direct measure of neuronal processes related to information transfer, such as action potentials and neurotransmitter release. Rather, the intensity of the imaging signal is related to neurophysiological parameters of energy consumption and blood flow. To relate the imaging signal to specific neuronal processes, two relationships must be established… The first relationship is between the intensity of the imaging signal and the rate of neurophysiological energy processes, such as the cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRglc) and of oxygen (CMRO2). The second and previously unavailable relationship is between the neurophysiological processes and the activity of neuronal processes. It is necessary to understand these relationships to directly relate functional imaging studies to neurobiological research that seeks the relationship between the regional activity of specific neuronal processes and mental processes. Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
3
Shulman and Rothman PNAS, 1998
Psychology Image Signal Mental CMRglc Neuroenergetics CMRO2 CBF Neuronal Neuroscience Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
4
What brain processes consume energy?
And what is the source of that energy? Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
5
Neuronal Activity fmri-fig-06-02-0.jpg
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
6
Ion channels and pumps fmri-fig-06-03-0.jpg
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
7
Synapses and neurotransmitter release.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
8
Anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
9
The energy budget of the (rodent) brain.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
10
Roy and Sherrington (1890) Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
11
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
12
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
13
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
14
The Vascular System Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
15
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
16
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
17
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
18
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
19
Arteries Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
20
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
21
Microcirculation of the human brain.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
22
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
23
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
24
Arterioles ( microns) precapillary sphincters Capillaries (5-10 microns) Venules (8-50 microns) Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
25
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
26
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
27
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
28
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
29
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
30
Models to account for decoupling
‘Watering the whole garden for the sake of one flower’ (Grinvald) Astrocyte shuttle (Shulman, Magestretti) Transit time (Buxton) Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
31
From Malonek and Grinvald et al., 1996
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
32
Phosphorescence Decay Time
(Oxyphor R2 oxygen tension-sensitive phosphorescent probe) Vanzetta and Grinvald, Science, 286: , 1999 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
33
Vanzetta and Grinvald, Science, 286: 1555-1558, 1999
deoxy Hb Oxy Hb Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
34
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
35
Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
36
from Magestretti et al, Science, 2002
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
37
The Initial (Negative) Dip
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
38
Different Concentrations of Hb and dHB
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
39
Berwick et al, JCBFM, 2002 Optical imaging of rat barrel cortex
Hb02= oxyhemoglobin, Hbr = deoxyhemoglobin, Hbt = total blood flow Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
40
Early Response in fMRI Hu, Le, Ugurbil MRM, 1997
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
41
Functional Imaging of the Monkey Brain
N. Logothetis, Nature Neuroscience, 1999 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
42
Transit Time and Balloon Model
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
43
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
44
Brain or Vein? Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
45
Evoked changes in blood flow
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
46
The relation between sensory stimulation and local blood flow changes
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
47
The change in diameter of arterioles following sciatic stimulation.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
48
Change in arteriole dilation as a function of distance from active neurons.
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
49
What triggers blood flow?
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
50
Tissue factors K+ H+ Adenosine Nitric oxide
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
51
Neuronal Control of the Microcirculation
C. Iadecola, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Commentary upon Krimer, Muly, Williams and Goldman-Rakic, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
52
Pial Arteries Noradrenergic Dopamine 10 m
Krimer, Muly, Williams, Goldman-Rakic, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
53
Dopamanergic terminals associated with small cortical blood vessels
Krimer, Muly, Williams, Goldman-Rakic, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
54
Dopamanergic terminals associated with small cortical blood vessels
400 nm 2 m 400 nm Krimer, Muly, Williams, Goldman-Rakic, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
55
Perivascular iontophoretic application of dopamine
Krimer, Muly, Williams, Goldman-Rakic, Nature Neuroscience, 1998 Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
56
Neuroanatomy Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
57
eyeball optic nerve spinal cord
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
58
corpus callosum falx skull hypothalamus occipital lobe frontal lobe
sinus thalamus midbrain pons cerebellum medulla spinal cord Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
59
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
60
parietal lobe central sulcus superior parietal lobule precentral gyrus
parieto-occipital sulcus occipital lobe frontal lobe Sylvian fissure cerebellum temporal lobe Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
61
frontal lobe olfactory nerves Optic chiasma Parahippocampal gyrus
circle of Willis fusiform gyrus inferior temporal gyrus basilar artery brain stem substantia nigra vertebral arteries spinal cord occipital lobe Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
62
central sulcus cingulate gyrus parietal lobe corpus callosum
occipital lobe calcarine sulcus fornix thalamus posterior commissure cerebellum pons medulla Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
63
corpus collosum white matter lateral ventricles Sylvian sulcus
thalamus Insula temporal lobe mamillary body amygdala Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
64
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
65
anterior corpus callosum
frontal lobe anterior corpus callosum caudate ventricle thalamus posterior corpus callosum occipital lobe Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
66
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
67
corona radiata sagittal stratum thalamus
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
68
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
69
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response
Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
70
The cytoarchitectonic map of Brodmann
fmri-fig jpg Week 6: Physiological Basis of the BOLD Response Gregory McCarthy, Duke University
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.