1. CANADIAN CONFEDERATION
The Birth of Canada: July 1, 1867

2. Events Leading up to Confederation

3. Map of Canada 1840

4. What is confederation???
Confederation- An organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.
Uniting the colonies of Canada in order to create a Dominion of Canada.
Put in place to resolve issues: (Upper/Lower Rebellions, U.S threat of takeover,etc.)

5. Tensions building between upper (Ontario) and lower Canada (Quebec)
In both provinces assembly was one chamber of legislature
Other chamber was legislative council, members appointed by British government and could change decisions of assembly
Legislative Coucil was a power base for British Governor and his ruling clique
Government- 1837

6. Tensions in Lower Canada
Ruling clique was unpopular in Lower Canada due to French Canadians in region- excluded from government decisions
Opposing were the Patriotes- led by Louis Joseph Papineau- strong leader at the time
Patriotes sends list of demands to Great Britain- Ninety-Two Resolutions
Demanded Legislative council be elected and the executive council be elected by their assembly
Refusal= Great Britain move to break patriotes power
Tensions in Lower Canada

7. Lower Canada protests- Peasants form militias to drive out landlords
Nov. 23, the army attacked the patriote,
Violent Clashes

8. Scene at the battle of St. Eustache

9. British politician was sent to British North America to investigate the rebellions between upper and lower (francophones) Canada.
Wanted to form a responsible government (refers to a government that is more responsible for people, with a executive or cabinet dependent on the support of an elected assembly.
Assimilating French Canadians (francophone) to English speaking culture (anglophone)
Durham Report

10. Act of Union Passed to unite Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario & Quebec)
Tried to resolve tensions between the two (resulted in a series of rebellions/political deadlock).
Brought in due to the Durham Report
Would give English speaking community more dominant roles
Would introduce Family Compact
Create tensions
Act of Union

11. A series of problems occuring in Canada Leading up…
English/French tensions were rising in Canada East/Canada West- Political Deadlock
Threat of American Expansion- Security measures after Civil War 
Economic and trade troubles
Transferring of materials across Canada
A series of problems occuring in Canada Leading up…

12. Station Activity Go to each station and read the information presented
Answer the questions on the worksheet
Once everyone is finished. We will regroup and discuss questions.
Station Activity

13. Take out notes from yesterday- will be a reference page that support knowledge
Grab a textbook- p. 170
1)Political Deadlock- Forming New Alliances- 172
2) Economic and Geographic Challenges- Trade and Financial Challenges/Role of Railway- 173
3)Territory and Trade Challenges from United States- The American Civil War-174
4) Trent Affair/St. Alban’s Raid- 175
5)United States Expansionism: Manifest Destiny/Fenian Raids
6) The End of Reprocity/ The Imperial Nudge -178
Discussion

14.
Video

15. Politicians of the time
John A. Mcdonald, George Brown and George Etienne Cartier trying to govern political deadlock= resulted from Act of Union
5 separate coalitions trying govern self
Act of Union not working
Politicians of the time

16. Two rival parties in Upper Canada: Clear Grits (George Brown)/ Liberal- Conservatives (John A. Macdonald)
Lower Canada assembly divided amongst Parti Bleu (George Etienne Cartier) and Parti Rouge (Antoine-Aime Dorion

17. Mcdonald, Cartier and Brown put differences aside to form a better structure for Canada
Form Great Coalition
Goal: To unite Canada
Great Coalition

18. Meanwhile in the Maritimes- Charlottetown Conference
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI meet to unite all three colonies- railway
Hopes to get political strength/attract financial investments
Felt isolated from Canada, distinct in own region
Would hold conference in Charlottetown, PEI
Meanwhile in the Maritimes- Charlottetown Conference

19. Charlottetown conference- September 1864

20. After hearing about conference 12 members of Province of Canada travel to Charlottetown
Wanted to unite with Maritimes
Through fear of the U.S.
Crash the Conference
Macdonald and other members convince Maritimes colonies
Maritimes Union dropped, Decided another conference would occur in the next month in Quebec
Start of Progress

21. Quebec Conference-Oct. 1864
Thirty-three delegates meet to discuss details of confederation
Creating a constitution for new nation
Ties be kept with Britain/its constitution
Agreement that union would be a federation-more than one level of government
House of commons- central government
Seventy-two Resolutions
Next step: return to own colonies for support plan
Quebec Conference-Oct. 1864

23. After the Quebec Conference
Divisive amongst all colonies for vote
Atlantic colonies still deciding
Britain approved of the union
Manifest destiny began to influence colonies
After the Quebec Conference

24. Nov. 1866- delegates from colonies meet in London, England to discuss final details
Constitution is known as British North America Act
Act passed through British houses of parliament
New name called, “Dominion of Canada”
Consisted of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
The London Conference

25. Favoured the British style of centralized government
Central government – National concerns
Provincial- Local concerns
Effects of Civil war- colony powers?
Canadian Federalism

26. Constitutional Monarchy
Fathers of Confederation comprises a constitutional morachy?
King or Queen of Britain is Canada’s head of state, and final changes are still up to Britain
Queen appoints governor general- need approval
Constitutional Monarchy

27. The Parliamentary System
Parliament: 1)House of Commons- chosen by people
and representation
Country divided into constituencies- groups of voters in a specific area
The Parliamentary System