1. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems
Pressure
Gibbs phase rule
F = 3
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
F = 2
F = C – P + 2
Comp. xA

2. Pressure-composition diagrams
Fixed T
Pressure
F = 3
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
F = 2
Comp. xA

3. Pressure-composition diagrams
Fixed T
Pressure
F = 3
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
F = 2
Comp. yA

4. Temperature-composition diagrams
Pressure
F = 3
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
Fixed P
F = 2
Comp. xA
Temperature-composition diagrams

5. Temperature-composition diagrams
Pressure
F = 3
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
Fixed P
F = 2
Comp. yA
Temperature-composition diagrams

6. Temperature-composition diagrams
Ideal solution
Fixed P

7. Temperature-composition diagrams
B: non volatile
this was a condition for
a simple expression for boiling point elevation
(together with )
Fixed P

8. T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
C = 2
T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
B: non volatile
Fixed P

9. T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
C = 2
T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
B: non volatile
Fixed P

10. T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
C = 2
T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
B: non volatile
Only dissolved
or solid B
Fixed P

11. T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
C = 2
T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
B: non volatile
Vapour + Liquid
Boiling point elevation
Fixed P

12. T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
C = 2
T-x diagrams: Boiling point elevation
Similar colligative properties:
Boiling point elevation
Freezing point depression
Osmosis
Solubility

14. Liquid-liquid separation (oiling out)
C = 2
Liquid-liquid separation (oiling out)
Upper Critical (Solution) Temperature
Nitrobenzene/hexane
H2O / triethylamine
Lower Critical (Solution) Temperature
Lever rule

15. Liquid-liquid separation (oiling out)
C = 2
Liquid-liquid separation (oiling out)
Upper Critical (Solution) Temperature
H2O / nicotine
Lower Critical (Solution) Temperature
Lever rule

16. L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
C = 2
L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
Lever rule

17. L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
C = 2
L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
P = 2
Lever rule
F’ = C – P + 1

18. L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
C = 2
L-L separation in liquid-gas phase diagram
P = 3
Azeotrope-like
Lever rule
F’ = C – P + 1

19. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Eutectic: A(s) and B(s) not miscible
Te(utectic)
P = 2
P = 3
Lever rule

20. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Compound
C = AB
Lever rule
Three solid compounds: A, B and C = AB

21. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Compound
C = AB
Te(utectic)
Te(utectic)
P = 2
P = 2
P = 3
Lever rule
Three solid compounds: A, B and C = AB

22. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Compound
C = AB
Te(utectic)
Te(utectic)
P = 2
P = 2
P = 1
Lever rule
Three solid compounds: A, B and C = AB

23. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Compound
C = AB
Te(CB)
Te(AC)
P = 2
P = 2
P = 1
Lever rule
Three solid compounds: A, B and C = AB

24. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
Lever rule

25. Solid-liquid phase diagram
C = 2
Solid-liquid phase diagram
peritectic
Incongruent melting
Lever rule
Solid solutions

26. Condensed matter phase diagrams
Liquid crystals
(mesophase)
nematic smectic cholesteric

27. Condensed matter phase diagrams
Liquid crystals

28. Condensed matter phase diagrams
Liquid crystals

30. C = 2 Binary phase diagrams Gibbs phase rule F = C – P + 2 Pressure
Temp.
F = 2
Comp. xA

31. Ternary phase diagrams
C = 3
Ternary phase diagrams
Pressure
Gibbs phase rule
F = 3
F = C – P + 2
F = 0
F = 1
Temp.
F = 2
Comp. xA

32. Ternary phase diagrams C = 3
F = 3 – P + 2
F” = 3 – P
P,T
F” = 2 – P
F” = 1 – P
C = 2
C = 1

33. Ternary phase diagrams
C = 3
F = 3 – P + 2
F” = 3 – P
P,T’
P,T
P,T

34. Ternary phase diagrams
C = 3
Ternary phase diagrams
F” = 3 – P
P,T
Plait point
P = 1
Tie line
P = 2
(CHCl3, CH3COOH, H2O)

35. C = 3
Ternary phase diagrams
Tie line
P,T
((NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, H2O)