1. Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 9
Lesson 9 Vocabulary
Ablative of Means/Instrument
(See Lesson 7 PPT for Imperfect & Future of Sum)

2. Vocabulary List 9

3. bene
well

4. crās
tomorrow

5. cūr
why

6. diū
for a long time

7. herī
yesterday

8. hodiē
today

9. iam
now, already

10. ibi
there, in that place

11. interim
meanwhile

12. male
badly

13. nunc
now

14. posteā
afterwards

15. saepe
often

16. semper
always

17. tum
then, at that time

18. ubi (interrogative)
where?

19. ubi (relative)
where, when

20. Ablative of Means

21. Ablative of Means
the ablative case is used to show the means by which or the instrument with which something is done
when used thus, it does NOT take a preposition
called the ablative of means (or instrument)
used of things, not persons
translate using “with” or another preposition meaning “by means of”

22. Ablative of Means Servus tubā signum dat.
The slave gives the signal with a trumpet.
…by means of a trumpet.
Deōs multīs linguīs laudābunt.
They will praise the gods in/with many languages.
…by means of many languages.

23. Ablative of Means – Exerceāmus
Identify the ablative of means in the following sentences and translate the entire sentence:
Nūntius virōs fēmināsque in oppidum tubā convōcābat.
Frūmentum equīs carrīsque* ex agrō portābunt.
*carrus, carrī, m.: wagon
Agricolae deīs deabusque multīs dōnīs grātiās agēbant*.
*agere gratiās: to thank