1. WELCOME TO ALL
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AIIMS RISHIKESH

2. BASIC CONCEPTS, DIAGNOSIS METHODS & TREATMENT MODALITIES IN SIDDHA
NIS CHENNAI
BASIC CONCEPTS, DIAGNOSIS METHODS
& TREATMENT MODALITIES IN SIDDHA
Dr. M.Meenakshi Sundaram,
Professor & HoD,
Dept. of Kuzhandai Maruthuvam
National Institute of Siddha
Chennai –
AIIMS RISHIKESH

3. Learning Objectives Concept of Siddha Medicine Concept about diseases
NIS CHENNAI
Learning Objectives
Concept of Siddha Medicine
Concept about diseases
Diagnostic Methods in Siddha
Treatment Modalities
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4. Perfection - Eternal Bliss
SIDDHA MEDICINE?
Perfection - Eternal Bliss
Siddhi
Siddhar
Siddha system
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5. SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Original Inhabitants
Spiritual Scientist
Based on Dravidian culture
Siddharkal
Attained “Siddhi”
Through “Attankayogam”
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6. ETERNAL BLISS & SIDDHARKAL
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7. SIDDHA MEDICINE & SIDDHARKAL
18 in numbers
Founders of Siddha Medicine
Siddha Medicine
By- product of Siddhar’s ultimate aim
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8. Siddha Medicine MEDICINE (Maruthuvam)
Physical Ailments
Psychological Ailments
Death
“One that cures physical ailment is medicine One that cures psychological ailment is medicine One that prevents ailment is medicine One that bestows immortality is medicine”. - Siddhar Thirumoolar
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9. Main goals of Siddha Medicine
Prevention
Care
Contentment
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10. Siddha Medicine Preventive Curative Promotive 12/10/2019
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11. Siddha system of Medicine
Healthy Living
Social
Spiritual
Psychological
Siddha system of Medicine + =
Well Being
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12. Siddha system of Medicine
Siddhi
Siddharkal
Alchemist, Natuaral Scientist
Siddha system of Medicine
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13. Concept of Siddha 1.96 Thathuvangal 2.Iymboothangal Theory
3.Mutthathukkal Theory
4.Ezhu Udal Kattukal
5.Aaru Suvaikal
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14. 96 Thathuvangal (Principles)
There are 40,048,500 truths in this earth
Considered to be the Basic principles
Universal to all earthly things
Living Things components
Physical
Mental
Intellectual
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15. Concept of Siddha 96 Thathuvangal Iym boothangal Mutthathukkal
Ezhu Udal Kattukal
Aaru suvaikal
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16. Iymboothangal Theory (Five elemental Theory)
1. Nilam (Earth)
2. Neer (Water)
3. Thee (Fire)
4. Vayu (Wind/Air)
5. Vinn (Space/Ether)
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17. Iymboothangal Theory (Five elemental Theory)
Permutation & Combination
Processes - Creation
Protection
Destruction
Destruction
Creation
Protection
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18. Iymboothankal Panchikaranam
Vinn –> Vayu –> Thee –> Neer –> Nilam
Subtle
Gross
“Elements of macrocosm exists in microcosm
Elements of microcosm exists in macrocosm
Macrocosm and microcosm are one
When realization is complete”.
“That which does not exist will not come into existence, and that which exists will not be annihilated”
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19. Iymboothangal, Porigal & Pulangal
Earth
Water
Fire
Air
Ether
Nose
Tongue
Eye
Skin
Ear
Smell
Taste
Vision
Touch
Hear
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20. Mutthathukkal Theory Vali Azhal Fire Iyam Water Earth Ether + Air
Creative factor
Protective factor
Destructive factor
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21. Three Biological Humors
Life forces when in equilibrium
Also called as Uyir Thathukkal
Responsible for the functional integrity between the environment and living ecosystem
Vali
Azhal
Iyam
Vali azhal
Vali iyam
Azhal vali
Azhal iyam
Iya vali
Iya azhal
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22. Aaru Suvaikal (Six Tastes)
Inippu (Sweet)
Pulippu (Sour)
Uvarppu (Salt)
Kaippu (Bitter)
Kaarppu (Pungent)
Thuvarppu (Astringent)
Sweet = Earth + Water
Sour = Earth + Fire
Salt = Water + Fire
Bitter = Air + Space
Pungent = Air + Fire
Astringent = Earth + Air
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23. The relationship between Six Tastes and Three Biological Humors
Promoting Tastes
Pacifying Tastes
Vali
Pungent, bitter, astringent
Sweet, sour, salt
Azhal
Sour, salt, pungent
Sweet, bitter, astringent
Iyam
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24. Characteristics of a matter
Suvai
(Taste)
Gunam
(Property)
Veeriyam (Energy)
Vibaham
(Taste after ingestion & digestion)
Prabavam
(Special Character)
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25. Seven Physical Constituents
Structural or Tissue components of the body
Composed of 7 types of materials called Udal Thathus or Udal kattukal
Derived from five basic elements through breath and food
Influences the physical and mental function of a person
Seven Physical Constituents
Saaram or Rasam
Chyle
Chenneer or Ratham
Blood
Ooun or Mamisam
Muscle
Kozhuppu
Fat
Enbu
Bone
Moolai or Majjai
Bone marrow
Sukkilam/Suronitham
Reproductive tissue
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26. 3 Biological Humor Theory 6 Tastes Theory 7 Physical Constituents
96 Principles
5 Elemental Theory
3 Biological Humor Theory
6 Tastes Theory
7 Physical Constituents
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27. Causes for diseases Derangement of three humors Psychological causes
Astral influences
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28. Derangement of three humors
Imbalance of harmony due to food and activities (Humors)
Initially one of the constituent is affected
It may cause premonitory symptom
Subsequently influence other constituents and cause disease
When other constituents are also affected it becomes complication
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29. Psychological causes A Sound Mind in a Sound Body
Agathiyar Manidar Kirukku Nool (Text book on Psychiatry by Sage Agathiyar)
One type of Kanma Noikal
Generally called as Kirigai Noikal in Siddha
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30. Astral influences
Revolution of Earth influences behaviour, mood, sleep, immunity and total health of human
Each planet has influence over certain bodily tissues
Planets
Tissues
Sun
Bone
Moon
Blood
Mars
Marrow
Mercury
Skin
Jupiter
Fat
Venus
Semen
Saturn
Muscle
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31. Diagnostic Methods in Siddha system of Medicine
Examination by the sensory organs (Poriyal arithal)
Examination by the senses (Pulanaal Arithal)
Examination by interrogation (Vinaathal)
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32. Envagai Thervugal (8 fold Diagnostic tools)
Naadi (Pulse reading)
Parisam (Palpation)
Naa (Tongue examination)
Niram (Complexion)
Mozhi (Speech examination)
Vizhi (Eye examination)
Malam (Faeces examination)
Moothiram (Urine examination)
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33. Naadi Parisothanai (Pulse Reading)
Felt through the three fingers of the examiner
Placed over the radial artery (wrist) just one inch below the thumb
The pulsation on Physician’s index, middle and ring fingers indicates the vali, azhal and iya naadi respectively
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34. Naadi Paritchai - Sites
Wrist
Inner side of the ankle
Genitals
Umbilicus
Chest
Ears
Nose
Neck
Eyebrows
Scalp
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35. Neerkuri, Neikkuri examination
Urine examination in Siddha Medicine is unique
Characteristics of urine in different diseases (Neerkkuri)
Examination of urine by instilling a drop of gingelly oil on the surface of the urine (Neikkuri)
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36. ManikkadaiNool Examination
Specialised unique technique
Measures the wrist of the patient
Interpreting the disease by which a man is affected
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37. Causes for diseases Diagnostic methods Derangement of humors
Psychological causes
Astral influences
Diagnostic methods
8 fold diagnostic tools
Urine examination (Neerkkuri & Neikkuri)
Manikkadai nool
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38. Treatment Modalities in Siddha
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39. Classification of Treatment
Deva Maruthuvam – Divine method
Manuda Maruthuvam – Rational method
Asura Maruthuvam – Surgical method
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40. Deva Maruthuvam – Divine Method
Treatment using Internal medicines of mineral origin
Parpam
Chenduram
Chunnam
Saththu
Kalangu
Gurukuligai
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41. Manuda Maruthuvam – Rational Method
Treatment using Internal medicines of herbal origin
Chooranam
Kudineer
Manappagu
Nei
Legiyam
Rasayanam
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42. Asura Maruthuvam – Surgical Method
Treating diseases with surgical methods
Surgical Application
Thermal Application
Caustic Application
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43. Surgical Application
Performing surgical procedures with surgical instruments like knife, blade, ear scoop, forceps, etc.,
26 types of instruments are described.
13 types of surgical procedures are explained
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44. Surgical Application They are Incision Bone setting Excision
Blood letting
Therapeutic fracture
Leech application
Probing
Manipulative therapy
Pessaries
Blowing
Enema
Dressing , Bandaging
Suction
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45. Thermal Application
Performing surgical procedures with the help of heat or thermal applications
They are
Cauterisation
Steam or vapour inhalation
Fomentation
Heated medicated pouches
Fumigation
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46. Caustic Application
Performing procedures with caustic substances to remove unwanted growth, slough and debris.
1.Caustic ablation
2.Medicated gauze or plaster
3.Ointment
4.Dusting powders
5.Medicated liquid for wash
6.Drugs cooked with rice flour/any cereals/pulses
7.Creams (Semisolid lipids/resins)
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47. Manuda Maruthuvam
Deranged Humours are restored back with the following therapies,
Purgative Therapy
Emetic Therapy
Nasal instillation and Collryium application
They are otherwise called as Bio cleansing therapies.
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48. Purgative Therapy – To neutralize the deranged Vatham
Emetic Therapy - To neutralize the deranged Pitham
Nasal instillation and Collryium application – To neutralize the deranged Kapham
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49. Preventive Measures in Siddha to Ensure Quality of life
Emesis once in four months  
Purgation once in six months  
Nasal instillation once in a week
Collyrium / Eye medications twice in a week  
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50. Other Treatment Modalities
1. Fasting Therapy – Usually advised in febrile conditions 2. Steam Therapy – Usually used in anasarca and in localised oedema. 3. Oiletion therapy – Usually advised in the diseases of head and neck(Simply oil bath) 4. Physical Manipulation therapy - Usually advised for all vatha diseases. (9 types of techniques are described)
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51. Other Treatment Modalities
5. Solar Therapy –Exposing the body to the sunlight. (Kanthi Suttigai)
6. Rejuvanation Therapy – Art of bestowing immortality (Kayakalpam) (2 types Pothu & Sirappu)
7. Varmam therapy – Set of procedures adopted to pacify or release the varmam in afflicted patients
Varmam points – Life force/ energy concentric points. Points on the body where Pranic energy remains concentrated
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52. Unique therapies/preparations in Siddha System
Varmam & Thokkanam
Karanool treatment
Kayakalpam including yogam
Higher order medicines
Kattu [consolidation]
Kalangu [amalgamation]
Urukku [solidification]
Satthu [concentrates]
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53. Summary Siddha system of Medicine
Founded by 18 Siddhars who attained siddhi
Based on 96 basic principles, 5 elemental theory, 3 humoral theory, 6 tastes theory
8 fold diagnostic tools, Naadi paritchai, Urine examination, Manikkadai nool
Treatment modalities, Internal & External medicines, Surgical application, Karanool treatment, Varmam and thokkanam therapies
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54. Strong Linkages of Siddha
Tamil Language / Literatures like Thirukkural, Thirumanthiram etc.,
Food recipes
Customs & Traditions
Festivals & Celebrations
Likewise every Religion and Community have insisted the importance of quality life through their preaching and practices, which are still in practice in India and have very high values.
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55. Thank you very much
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56. Acknowledgement All my Teachers
Prof.Dr.V.Banumathi, Director, NIS Chennai
Faculty , DD & Staff, NIS, Chennai
Dr.Saxena, Dr.Vinteshwari & all, AIIMS, Rishikesh
Organisers, AIIMS, Rishikesh
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57. Questions ?
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