1. Cellular Respiration…. Not just Breathing

2. Cellular respiration starts with: Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work
Energy can be changed from one form of energy to another.
Organisms rely on the chemical energy stored in food to carry out life processes

3. Food Energy to ATP Energy
Remember STRANGERR- without energy from the chemical bonds in food, organisms could not make ATP
This is ATP…a compound that cells use to store and release energy

4. ATP-Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is composed of:
Adenine base (1)
Ribose sugar (1)
Phosphate groups(3)
A combination of these two words form the word Adenosine
2 High Energy Bonds

5. Releasing Energy from ATP
Energy is released by removing a Phosphate group from ATP
The molecule formed is ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) …. with only 2 phosphate groups and less energy
See the “red bonds” in the diagram

6. ATP – ADP Cycle
Food energy (glucose) is needed to add a Phosphate group to ADP to make ATP
The cycle of ATP to ADP occurs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in order for an organism to maintain homeostasis

7. Battery Analogy of ATP and ADP
ADP has only 2 phosphates and just a little energy…see the weak beam of light from the flashlight?
ATP has 3 phosphates and can store much more energy… look at the flashlight beam now!

8. Cellular Respiration The process all living organisms must carry out
Releases energy stored in the bonds of glucose (an organic molecule) to make ATP
STRANGERR- Respiration is one of the life processes represented by the letter “R” in the word STRANGERR

9. Facts about Cellular Respiration
Occurs in two organelles in the cell
Location: cytoplasm (anaerobic); Anaerobic - no oxygen available
Location: mitochondria (aerobic); Aerobic- needs oxygen available
Equation for Cellular Respiration

10. Specifics about Cellular Respiration
Occurs in 3 steps and ATP is made in each step:
Step 1: Glycolysis-in the cytoplasm
Step 2: Krebs Cycle-in the matrix
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

11. Detail Structure of Mitochondria
Folds are called cristae.
Space inside cristae is called the matrix
Krebs cycle takes place in matrix
Electron Transport Chain takes place in the cristae

12. Summary of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs
Electron Transport Chain
Location
Cytoplasm
Matrix
Cristae
Reactants
Glucose, 2 ATP, NAD+
NADH, O2, Pyruvic Acid
NADH, FADH2, O2
Products
Pyruvic Acid, 2 ATP, NADH
CO2, 2 ATP, FADH2, NADH
32 ATP, H20

13. Diagram of Cellular Respiration

14. Facts about Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs in plants and yeast,
Called Alcoholic Fermentation
Makes alcohol and CO2 but NO ATP

15. Facts about Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs in animals
Called Lactic Acid Fermentation
Makes lactic acid which causes sore muscles

16. Summary of 2 types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Energy formed
ATP
Oxygen Needed
Yes No
Organelle Location
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
ATP produced 36 2
Occurs in what organism
Most organism
Bacteria and yeast
Wastes produced
CO2, H2O
CO2 and alcohol or lactic acid
Chemical Reactions
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC
Glycolysis, Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation

17. Anaerobic Respiration Yeast Balloon Video
How Cells Obtain Energy