2. Population distribution
Essential question: How does understanding where people live help to explain how they live? “Half the world’s population lives in just 1 percent of the land.” – Max Galka, Metrocosm, January 4, 2016

3. Learning objective (2.B.1)
By the end of this section, you will be able to explain contemporary and historical trends in population growth and decline.
Demographic factors that determine population growth and decline are fertility, mortality, and migration.
Rates of natural increase and population-doubling times are used to explain population growth and decline.
Social, cultural, political, and economic factors influence fertility, mortality, and migration rates.

4. Agenda, Friday August 23rd Review regional data
Notes on population distribution
Population Scavenger Hunt
Homework
Read Chapter 2 – Rubenstein by Tuesday OR
Read Chapter 3 and 4- AMSCO
Postcard Project Due:
Wednesday August 28th
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5. Why Is Global Population Increasing?
Spatial Patterns
Developed Countries
Lower rates of…
Natural increase
Crude birth
Total fertility
Infant mortality
Developing Countries
Higher rates of…

6. The Population Reference Bureau projects that the world population will reach 9.8 BILLION people by 2050, a 2.5 billion increase from the current 7.7 billion currently inhabiting our planet as of June What are some Human Geographic implications of this projection related to the following categories: Fill in the following chart in your notes
Economic
Cultural
Political
Demographic
Environmental
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Respond to the following question:
Now that we know the total population of the world, what do you think the total population of the US is?
of Georgia?
Of Metro Atlanta?
Of City of Atlanta?
of Dunwoody?

8. Populations
Of the world: 7,600,752,857
Of the US: 328,357,700
Of Georgia: 10,429,000
Of Metro Atlanta: 4,401,000
Of Dekalb County: 725,000
Of City of Atlanta: 447,841
Of Dunwoody: 49,000

9. Overpopulation How would you define overpopulation?
How do geographers define overpopulation?
When an area’s population exceeds the capacity of the environment to support it at an acceptable standard of living.
What are the variables in this definition?
Population Bomb

10. World Population History World Population Video World Population Map
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11. Population distribution
Human geography tries to explain why people live where they do through two distinct but related concepts:
Population distribution
Population density

12. Population distribution
Population distribution is the pattern of human settlement – the spread of people across the earth.
Population density is a measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area – how crowded a place is.

13. Population distribution
Why does it matter?
Set boundaries for electoral districts
Develop new housing

14. Population distribution
Population density has increased significantly but population distribution has not. Why?
Because the vast majority of growth occurs in places that are already settled
Example: eastern China was one of the most populated parts of the world in 1800 – and it still is today

15. Population distribution
Each of the seven portions indicated by color in this figure contains approximately 1 billion inhabitants

16. Population distribution3 1 2 4
Distribution is not uniform – 2/3 of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in four regions
East Asia
South Asia
Europe
SE Asia

17. Population distribution
Canada is the 2nd largest country in land area but 37th in population
Bangladesh is 92nd in land area but 8th in population

18. Where Is the World’s Population Distributed?
Places of permanent human settlement are termed the ecumene.
Humans avoid clustering in certain physical environments
Dry Lands
Wet Lands
Cold Lands
High Lands
Places considered too harsh for occupancy have diminished over time
Humans tend to avoid places that are unaccommodating for activities, such as agriculture. Among these are places with too much or too little available water, places with exceedingly hot or cold temperatures, and places that have too steep of slopes to plant crops.

19. Site and Situation of Population Clusters
FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed uniformly across Earth’s surface.
Site and Situation of Population Clusters
Low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperate climate
Near an ocean or near a river with easy access to an ocean.

20. Early survival depended on food, water, and shelter Most people live in midlatitudes Low-lying areas typically have better soil and are often close to oceans Fresh water – lakes and rivers (drink, irrigation, transportation, food)
FIGURE 2-4 ECUMENE Seven thousand years ago humans occupied only a small percentage of Earth’s land area, primarily in Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, and East Asia. Even 500 years ago much of North America and Asia lay outside the ecumene. Still, approximately three-fourths of the world’s population live on only 5 percent of Earth’s surface.
The balance of Earth’s surface consists of oceans (about 71 percent) and less intensively inhabited land.

21. Where Is the World’s Population Distributed?
Population Density
Density can be computed in up to three ways:
Arithmetic Density
Physiological Density
Agricultural Density
Physiological density provides insights into the relation between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region.
Developed countries have lower agricultural densities, because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people.

22. FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed uniformly across Earth’s surface.

23. Arithmetic Population Density
Arithmetic Density
Total number of objects in a unit area
Computation: Divide the total population by the land area
FIGURE 2-5 ARITHMETIC DENSITY Geographers rely on the arithmetic density to compare conditions in different countries because the two pieces of information–total population and total land area–are easy to obtain. The highest arithmetic densities are found in Asia, Europe, and Central America. The lowest are in North and South America and South Pacific.

24. Arithmetic Population Density

25. Physiological Density
Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
Computation: Divide the population by the arable land area
FIGURE 2-6 PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY Physiological density provides insights into the relationship between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region. The relatively large physiological densities of Egypt and the Netherlands demonstrates that crops grown on a hectare of land in these two countries must feed far more people than in the United States or Canada, which have much lower physiological densities. The highest physiological densities are found in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. The lowest are in North America, Europe, and South Pacific.

26. Agricultural Density
Agricultural Density: ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
US and Canada have lower agric. densities than India and Bangledesh.
Why would the US have fewer farmers per acre of arable land? What is different about farming in the US vs. India or a more LDC?

27. Agricultural Density Agricultural Density
FIGURE 2-7 AGRICULTURAL DENSITY The highest agricultural densities are found in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The lowest are in North America, Europe, and South Pacific.

28. The physiological density is more useful than arithmetic density when trying to determine a region’s carrying capacity - the population it can support without significant environmental deterioration.
Not all countries can produce higher yields and must import food

29. According to the table, which country has a greater need for
Increased crop yields and imported foods and why?
Arithmetic Density
Physiological Density
Arable Land Percentage
Country A
226 people/sq. mi.
8,078 / sq mi
2.8%
Country B
84 people/ sq mi
498 people sq mi
16%
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30. Population Scavenger Hunt Handout World Population Data
Website
(PBR.org 2018 World Population Data Sheet)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.