1. Bas/bms and applications

2. Data data everywhere We’ve seen data from several sources:
Monthly utility bills
Interval meters
Other – weather, occupancy
Data loggers
BAS/BMS
Operational data – from equipment/machinery
Conditions data – from specific areas/systems
Self-explanatory

3. What is a Data Logger?
Small electronic instrument that records measurements over time (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, etc.).
Many varieties of loggers.
Most use proprietary software to create graphs/charts of data (ie. “data visualization”).
First we’ll start out with a brief introduction to data loggers.
Instructor: Ask class if anyone is familiar, if ever used, what used for, etc.
What is a data logger?
A data logger is an electronic instrument that contains sensors that record measurements over time, such as:
Temperature
Relative humidity
Light intensity
On/off (motors, etc.)
Open/closed (dampers, etc.)
Voltage
Pressure
Events
Typically, data loggers are small, battery-powered devices that are equipped with a microprocessor, data storage and sensor.
Most data loggers use turn-key software to prepare the logger for collecting data, and to download and view the data after it’s been collected.
Source: Onset Computer Corp.

4. Type of Data Loggers
Standalone: Manual download of data (this is type we will be using for class).
Wireless/web-based: data is transmitted wirelessly to central receiver or web-based platform for viewing/monitoring.
Generally loggers are either standalone devices that you deploy wherever needed for the time span you need (1-2 weeks or so), and then download the data from it manually to a computer.
There are also more advanced wireless loggers that transmit the data to a central receiver, and data can then be viewed via the internet.
We will be using the basic standalone devices for the purposes of today’s class.
Source: Onset Computer Corp.

5. What Are Loggers Used For?
Track data on individual pieces of equipment.
Monitor conditions in specific areas.
Can be used for wide variety of applications.
HVAC tests
Troubleshooting/diagnostics
Quality studies
Etc.
Data Loggers are used in building operations to track data on individual pieces of equipment – for example, motor run-time, fan speeds, lighting on/off.
Also used to monitor conditions in specific areas – for example, temperature, humidity, CO2.
Can be used in a wide variety of applications; ideal for:
HVAC tests
Troubleshooting/diagnostics
Quality studies
Etc.
Source: Onset Computer Corp.

6. Discussion What is a Building Automation System?
What does BAS control?
Basic function of a BAS
BAS vs. Data-loggers
Types of BAS
Benefits of having a BAS
What is Building Re-tuning?
Building Re-Tuning (BRT) Protocol
ECAM
John Jay Case Study
This is what we’ll cover in this segment

7. What is a Bas/bms?
computerized, intelligent network of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the mechanical, electronics, and lighting systems in a building
Centralized, interlinked networks of hardware and software.
The purpose of the building automation system is to ensure control and operational performance of the facility as well as the comfort and safety of the building occupants.
The building automation system also serves as a tool to alert building operators of problems with equipment that could impact comfort and safety, and can store trended data that can be used to analyze how well the different building systems are actually performing.

8. BAS screen shot

9. Bas screen shot

10. What is Controlled? For HVAC systems:
Building Automation begins with control of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems.
For HVAC systems:
Air-Handling Units (AHUs)
Roof-top units (RTUs)
Fan coil units (FCUs)
Heat pump units (HPUs)
Variable-air-volume boxes (VAVs)
Chillers (sometime have their own controller)
Boilers (same as above)
Other systems that are often controlled
Lighting
Close circuit video (CCTV)
Card and keypad access
Fire alarm system
Elevators/escalators

11. Basic Functions of a BAS
Control Functions
Data Collection
Sets up alarm systems.
Adjust operations of mechanical and electrical equipment.
Control lighting functions, fire and security system.
Manage sensors within HVAC equipment.
Monitor equipment.
Trend-logs to monitor overall building and HVAC energy use.

12. Examples
Trend-Log
Alarm System
(notification)

13. BAS vs. Data-Loggers Building Automation Data-Loggers
Centralized, permanent sensoring system
Costly to add new sensors
Capable of monitoring and controlling an entire system
Requires specialized training to operate
Data-Loggers
Portable, can be used at multiple locations
Inexpensive
Easy to install and use
Requires minimal training

14. BAS Companies/Providers

15. Benefits of BAS Gives central or remote control of building.
Remote monitoring of the plants (such as AHUs, Fire pumps, plumping pumps, electrical supply, etc.)
Computerized maintenance scheduling
Early detection of problems

16. Building Re-tuning (BRT)
What is BRT?
A systematic process that leverages data collected from the BAS to identify operational problems and correct those problems at no cost or low-cost.
Focus is on large (100,000 sq.ft) commercial buildings (office buildings, malls, and schools) but the concept can be applied to any type and size of facility that has a BAS.
BAS Data
ECAM
Clean Data in Graphical format

17. BRT Procedure
Source: PNNL Building Re-tuning Training

18. Energy Charting and Metric Tool (ECAM)
An excel-based tool designed to help building owners and operators look at trended data (5- to 30-minute time intervals) in a series of charts to analyze HVAC component data and/or utility meter data.
Source: PNNL Building Re-tuning Training

19. Key Features of ECAM Filter data by:
Day-type
Occupancy schedule
Month/year/day
Pre/post (energy projects)
Creation of load profile charts to analyze whole building energy consumption.
Creation of standards-building PNNL re-tuning charts using trend data from the BAS.

20. Case Study Procedures Get introduced to the building operator.
Get familiar with Building Automation System (BAS).
Conduct a simple walk-through of the building.
Set up trend collection on individual HVAC systems using the BAS.
Collect bi-weekly trend data from BAS.
Use ECAM to graphically see the changes within the building.
Report findings back to the building operator.

21. John Jay – NIST BRT Project
Case Study: John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Building Information: Separated into two sections: Tower (L3 to 10 floor) and Atrium (L3 to 1 Floor).
Building Automation System: Siemens
HVAC Equipment Inventory:
Chilled Water loop; 3 chillers
Hot Water loop; 2 boilers
Air system – 10 AHU units
Main Focus: Floors 6 – 10 in the towers.
Interval Data Collection Time: 15 minutes

22. John Jay ECAM data
Example 1- Office AHU runs 24/7 vs. AHU with setback
BAD
GOOD

23. More ECAM DATA
Zone Heating during Summer Days

24. EXTRA ECAM DATA
Multiple Zone Damper Positions

25. Any Questions?