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Neuro-ophthalmological investigations.

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Presentation on theme: "Neuro-ophthalmological investigations."— Presentation transcript:

1 Neuro-ophthalmological investigations.
 Neuro-ophthalmological investigations. (A) Magnetic resonance imaging scan of optic nerve sheath meningioma (arrowed) extending posteriorly through the optic canal to the chiasm. (B) Fluorescein angiogram of diabetic patient showing diabetic retinopathy and laser scars. (C) Normal electroretinogram showing potential detected at the cornea in response to flash of light (courtesy of Dr Graham Holder, Moorfields Eye Hospital). (D) Orbital ultrasound showing retinal haemangioma in posterior pole of globe. C J Lueck et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:iv2-iv11 ©2004 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd

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International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science

International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science
Wide-angle images of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Wide-angle images of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Examples of optic atrophy

Examples of optic atrophy
Examples of optic atrophy

Examples of optic atrophy
Modern retinal laser therapy

Modern retinal laser therapy
 (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman admitted with hepatic encephalopathy.  (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman.

 (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman admitted with hepatic encephalopathy.  (A) Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of a 57 year old woman.
 Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B) magnetic resonance images showing bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.  Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B)

 Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B) magnetic resonance images showing bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.  Axial (A) and sagittal T1 weighted (B)
REFLEX and REFLEXION study design.

REFLEX and REFLEXION study design.
OCT left eye (case 3). OCT showed bilateral foveal atrophy (white arrows), with an island of preserved retina in the left fovea (yellow arrow; only left.

OCT left eye (case 3). OCT showed bilateral foveal atrophy (white arrows), with an island of preserved retina in the left fovea (yellow arrow; only left.
Late fluorescein angiograms of the right macula taken at 13 minutes.

Late fluorescein angiograms of the right macula taken at 13 minutes.
(A) This 54 year old man with the flail arm syndrome has severe wasting of the arms causing profound weakness. (A) This 54 year old man with the flail.

(A) This 54 year old man with the flail arm syndrome has severe wasting of the arms causing profound weakness. (A) This 54 year old man with the flail.
OCT left eye shown (case 7).

OCT left eye shown (case 7).
 (A, B).  (A, B). Median motor nerve conduction study. Active recording electrode is over the APB muscle, with stimulation at the wrist, elbow, axilla,

 (A, B).  (A, B). Median motor nerve conduction study. Active recording electrode is over the APB muscle, with stimulation at the wrist, elbow, axilla,
 These traces show typical electrophysiological features of a pre-synaptic neuromuscular transmission disorder in a patient with LEMS. The traces on the.

 These traces show typical electrophysiological features of a pre-synaptic neuromuscular transmission disorder in a patient with LEMS. The traces on the.
(A) EEG of a 75 year old woman with adult onset myoclonic epilepsy (see text, case 1), showing generalised spike and wave and polyspike and wave discharges.

(A) EEG of a 75 year old woman with adult onset myoclonic epilepsy (see text, case 1), showing generalised spike and wave and polyspike and wave discharges.
 Pseudoptosis.  Pseudoptosis. This man presented with photophobia and difficulty elevating the right side of his forehead. The photograph shows his normal.

 Pseudoptosis.  Pseudoptosis. This man presented with photophobia and difficulty elevating the right side of his forehead. The photograph shows his normal.
Incidentalomas. Incidentalomas. T1W sagittal (A) and T2W coronal (B) MRIs show a small slightly T2 hypointense lesion (B, arrow) in the left anterior pituitary.

Incidentalomas. Incidentalomas. T1W sagittal (A) and T2W coronal (B) MRIs show a small slightly T2 hypointense lesion (B, arrow) in the left anterior pituitary.
(case 6)  (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas of RPE atrophy (green areas). (case 6)  (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas.

(case 6)  (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas of RPE atrophy (green areas). (case 6)  (A) Fundus photography showing subtle discrete areas.
‘Poppers’ retinopathy.

‘Poppers’ retinopathy.
Single colour fundus photographs of patients with disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (papilloedema). Single colour fundus photographs.

Single colour fundus photographs of patients with disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (papilloedema). Single colour fundus photographs.

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