1. Implementation of TNB Grid of the Future Middleware
Author
Company
Presenter
WAN AZLAN.W.K Z
GSE, Tenaga Nasional 
ROSLINA M.Y
Tenaga Nasional
NIK SOFIZAN N.Y
Ir. M.FIRDAUS YON
Disclaimer
All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information.
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2. Contents Tenaga Nasional Berhad, MALAYSIA
Use Case: Grid Improvement Project
Earlier Attempts
OpenFMB/DDS Benefits and Experience
Conclusion

3. Tenaga Nasional Berhad
TNB
Grid Division
Distribution Network Division
Corporate Functions
Grid System Operator (Ring-Fenced)
Single Buyer (Ring-Fenced)
Other divisions and subsidiaries including International Assets Group and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB)
GenCo
Generation Division
Energy Ventures Division
TNB Independent Power Plants
TNB Renewables
REMACO
RetailCo
Retail Division
TNBX
GSparx
National transmission & distribution network, international business and corporate centre
Leading generation company with capabilities in building, operating and maintaining generation assets
Retailer of choice with leading green and energy services portfolios

4. Tenaga Nasional Berhad
Transmission Grid
1.47 system minutes
99.77% availability
Distribution Network
SAIDI: approx. 48 min/customer/year
Generation
12,013.4 MW capacity
89.3% availability
Retail Customer Base
9.2 million customers in Peninsular Malaysia (Malaya), Sabah (North Borneo)

5. Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project
Situational Analysis
Reinforce line capacity from 700 MVA to 1000 MVA
To mitigate line overloading due to increasing electricity demand
Distance: 250 km
Projected cost: USD200 mil – USD350 mil

6. Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project
Situational Analysis
How to mitigate N-1 contingency during reinforcement project?
How to sustain network reliability amidst changing project completion horizons due to prolonged land matters resulting from difficulties in acquisition?
Regional Blackout
> 145% 6

7. AOLPS: Self-Healing Event-Based Special Protection Scheme
Before scheme implementation
After scheme implementation
Dynamic line rating
Event based load shedding

8. Before AOLPS: Typical Weekday Area Load Profile
Max Load = 110MVA ~ 145%
Above Firm Period = > 15hrs/day
2 x N-1 risk exposure window
Blackout risk exposure: hours
Source: System Operation Monthly Report for July 2010
~120%
Here is a typical load curve for Central Pahang.
Congestion occurs ONLY at certain times of day creating a double hump during peak hours where the line capacity is above the firm static rating
The risk exposure upon N-1 condition is around 9 hours
[Above firm meaning load demand is more than a single line static rating]

9. After AOLPS: DLR Increases Situational Awareness For Near-Limits Operations
Reduces transmission tripping risk exposure during N-1 event
1 x N-1 risk exposure window
Blackout risk exposure: 22.5 minutes
Blackout risk reduced by 96.0%
~120%
The DLR increase operator situational awareness by evaluating line rating based on dynamic line parameter measurement of: -
Ambient temperature
Solar radiation
Wind Speed and
Wind direction
With automatic evaluation, the operator will be confident of allowing more power to flow effectively reducing exposure of blackout to around 20 minutes – a 96% risk reduction

10. AOLPS: Optimal Quantum Load Shedding
Controlled load shedding
Sensor
Solution
Distributes sensors in each substation
A central controller to detect abnormal condition and orchestrate
A dynamic line rating (DLR) sensor to detect overloading at grid incomer substation
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
DLR
Controller

11. Design1: GOOSE Logical design of the scheme using IEC61850-GOOSE
Controller sent GOOSE signals to trip selected circuit breaker to shed load

12. Design1: GOOSE Physical design of the scheme 5 1
Ethernet over SDH: VLAN tags must be maintained in each SDH hop
IEC 61850
Controller 5
Trip sent erroneously to 5 1
Trip 1

13. Design2: IMAGE protocol
Logical design of the scheme using our proprietary IMAGE protocol
IMAGE supports sending of binary and analogue values
Controller sent binary control signals to substation gateway
Substation gateway translates binary signals into equivalent GOOSE signals to trip circuit breaker to shed load

14. Design2: IMAGE protocol
Risk of configuration error: System relies on redundant variables as logic inputs
Abstraction gap: Immediate jump from requirement to very low-level.
Emerging IEC61850 semantics and natural functional subsystems
Difficult to segregate network for cyber security design
KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag = 140
JT_EL01_XCBR1_stVal_pos = 1
&
DLR1_KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag= 140
DLR2_KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag = 140
&
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0
SG2_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0
&
EBLS1_RB_EL01_XCBR1_cVal = 1
Trip EL01 circuit breaker in substation RB!

15. Open Field Message Bus: OpenFMB/DDS Middleware
The Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) interoperability framework is a standard ratified in 2016 by North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB)​, a leading energy industry Standards Development Organization (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
TNB implementation only uses the OpenFMB data model that is based on a converged IEC 61968/70-CIM and IEC61850 data model
The data model is available as a DDS Interface Definition File (IDL)
Further information can be obtained from the OpenFMB User Group portal

16. Why OpenFMB/DDS? Influenced by work performed at Duke Energy and SDEG
Data model for OT/IT integration with standard semantics
Power system objects can use ERMS/SAP functional location ID
Data source: IEC logical nodes
Easy to define new messages according to IEC
Device name: IEC naming convention

17. Benefits of DDS
Boolean logic substitutes direct contact monitoring e.g. current
DDS topics groups data sets in order to reduce logic complexity
Use QoS to differentiate critical data sets and non-critical data sets
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93
Topic=PowerFlow Key=JT_EL01
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4
Historian
Line JT-RB tripped ==
/\ Current in JT = 0
/\ Current in RB = 0
EBLS Controller
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0
Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01
SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0
Topic=CTMeas Key=RB_EL01
&
Substation: JT
Bay: EL01
Remote

18. Benefits of DDS
Topic enhances capability to describe similar data sets that are used in different situations: Closing the abstraction gap
EBLS Controller
SG1_RB_EL01_XCBR1_Pos_CtlVal = 1
Topic=Arm Key=RB_EL01
SG1_JT_EL01_XCBR1_Pos_CtlVal = 1
Topic=Trip Key=JT_EL01
SG1_RB_EL01_GGIO_AnIn1_mag = 140
Topic=Temperature Key=RB_EL01
&
Trip ==
/\ RB_CB = Open
/\ EL01_Temp >= 140
Immediately trips CB
Arm CB but trip upon temperature violation

19. Benefits of DDS
Reduces application complexity and bandwidth usage with content filters
Historian
EBLS Controller
Data Gateway
/\ Temperature > 140
SG1_JT_EL01_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag =
Topic=Temperature Key=JT_EL01
140.1
142.1
111.5
Substation: JT
Bay: EL01

20. Benefits of DDS
DDS deadline and liveliness QoS simplifies gateway health checks at publisher and subscriber
Initialize ==
/\ SG_Health = 0
Alternate ==
/\ SG_Health’ =
SG1_JT_Health
Check==
/\ SG_Health <> 0
/\ SG_Health’ = 0
EBLS Controller
Failed to get data!
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7
Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01
105.5
Substation: JT
Bay: EL01

21. Benefits of DDS: Future
Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS
When there is lost of communication, select a dominant active server, “A” or “B”, to control the system based on the sum of weighted scores of live connected IEDs per gateway. In short which is the more useful server after communication disturbance

22. Benefits of DDS: Future
Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS
There are 3 valid system states i.e. “A”, “B”, “OFF”. The system initially is on “A”. If the number of IEDs for A and B is equal then assign indeterminate state “DBI”.
The system shall never be in indeterminate state

23. Benefits of DDS: Future
Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS
EBLS Controller
Exclusive ownership Qos
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7
Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01
SG2_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7
Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01
105.5
105.5
SG2
SG1

24. Benefits of DDS: Future
Use durable QoS to “pace” fast field data sets into big data systems
Gateway Controller or higher level gateway such as big data interface
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93
Topic=PowerFlow Key=JT_EL01
SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4
Topic=PowerFlow Key=RB_EL01
4.1
SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4
3.5 2
SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1
0.5
49.97
SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93
50.01
Database

25. Benefits of DDS: Future
System boundaries are based on subsystem function
DDS domains and RTI routing can be used to segregate systems
Network segregation promotes future acceptance of multicast networks for DDS discovery
Domain 1
Domain 2
Domain 3
Domain 4

26. Highlight #1: OpenFMB/DDS Adapter for RTDB
Map RTDB key-value to OpenFMB information module. Use in-house OpenFMB Configuration Language (OFMBCL) to glue logic to adapter
Statuses
Sensors
OpenFMB/DDS
Power
System
Apps
60870
61850
C37.118
IEC
IEC
IEC
IEC61850
ModBus
Measurements
DDS Databus
Digital Intelligent
Gateway (DIG)
RTDB
OFMBCL
Logic

27. Highlight #2: OpenFMB Configuration Language
Use DDS topics, key and content filter. Power System Resource bay name is used as key.

28. Highlights #3: Preservation of Power System Semantics in Engineering
LogicalDeviceID
PSR_mRID
MeasurementID
Value
Quality
KAWA_DIG_LD17
KAWA_E_PATH1
GGIO1.AnIn1.mag G
KAWA_E_PATH2
78.901 B
Current flat data does not capture structure of information
Enforcement of mRID will increase query efficiency and eliminate data errors
MeasurementID
Value
Quality
GGIO1.AnIn1.mag G
78.901 B

29. Highlights #4: DDS encapsulates phasor data for data lake delivery
Protection relays include phasor measurement function as standard. This enables cost-effective real-time power system monitoring e.g. linear state estimators
DDS delivers the fastest phasor sampled at 20 ms or 50 samples per second
Grid of the Future Control Centre
Gateway
OpenFMB/DDS
IEEE C37.118
(serial)

30. Grid of the Future Edge Computing
Centralized protection IEDs are now commercially available
Virtualized substation computing platform is feasible for Grid of the Future
DDS has a big role to play in a software-pervasive Grid of the Future
DDS Internal Databus
Storage
IEC SMV Interface
Virtualized
Substation
Controller
Hypervisor
App
Today’s DDS-based apps can be easily retro-fitted into virtualized container
IEC SMV Process Bus
IEC 61850
merging unit for each bay

31. Conclusions Enhance Wide Area Protection Scheme Middleware
Model-driven
Data-centric communication
Quality of Service
DDS Benefits
Data-centric ~> Safer system
Hides critical system functions ~> Users can focus on power system integrity problems
Digital Transformation
Grid of the Future: Software will be more pervasive while OT/IT boundaries blur
DDS is instrumental in realizing OT/IT integration at scale

32. Thank You Wan Azlan Wan Kamarul Zaman (wazlan@tnb.com.my)
Tenaga Nasional Berhad
Disclaimer
All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information.